Norwegian Nouvelle Vague (film: Reprise – Joachim Trier, 2006)

Reprise‘, the 2006 debut film by Norwegian director Joachim Trier, is a tribute to the directors of the French New Wave and their films. In many ways it looks like a New Wave movie made in Norway in the 2000’s. Its heroes are young intellectuals searching for their personal and artistic identity. It is filmed mostly on the streets of the metropolis that is Oslo, and even includes in the story two episodes that take place in Paris. The style of the narration is non-linear, reality is intertwined with imaginary ‘what-if’ scenes, the point of view is personal and the off-screen voices are used copiously. The problem is that ‘Reprise‘ was made about 45 years after the New Wave appeared on the screens of the world, and another 15 years have passed since then. The novelty effect is non-existent. In order to be able to capture the attention of the spectators, it is necessary to have a story and characters that will win the interest and, if possible, the affection of the spectators. From this point of view, the success is partial.

Reprise‘ begins with an exceptional opening scene. Two young men stand in front of a mailbox, each with a large envelope in his hands. They are excited and hesitant. They finally put the envelopes in the box. The two are Philip (Anders Danielsen Lie) and Erik (Espen Klouman Høiner), two 23-year-olds aspiring to become writers. The envelopes contain the texts of their debut books, which they hope to see published. From here, with the help of the off-screen voice, we enter the field of conditional mode. One of them may succeed and the other may not. Their sentimental ties may have diverted them from writing. Life and literature may come into conflict and the price of success may be the inability to feel or, conversely, the fear of feeling and engaging too much.

The narrative is quite twisted, storytellers alternate, and the style of ‘possible scenarios’ is a permanent challenge for viewers. The masters of the New French Wave understood the difficulty and in their best films they had the skill and maybe the luck to cast actresses and actors who won the empathy of the audiences of their time. They also simplified their stories or used classic narrative structures borrowed from the detective genre or from American movies. Joachim Trier, in this debut film, failed to follow his teachers from this point of view. He tries to say too much, which is a debutant syndrome. It is obvious that he is very familiar with the environment he describes, after all the heroes are his generational fellows. He has some great ideas, such as the mute dialogues with outside voices between lovers. The soundtrack is composed exclusively of live music, punk and metal, violent and at full volume, kind of a counterpoint to the rules of Scandinavian conversation. However, the narrative is too contorted, and from the cast only Anders Danielsen Lie as Philip and Viktoria Winge as his girlfriend Kari manages to create a credible relationship on screen. The rest of the characters are simply not interesting enough (at least that’s how they seemed to me) and their intellectual contortions and even the satire of the editorial system remain too abstract, especially since we are never told what the writers film’s heroes write. ‘Reprise‘ is the interesting debut of the talented director who was to become Joachim Trier, but the title of the chronicle of the debut book of one of the heroes, ‘Form without substance’ fits also the film.

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Animal Farm (film: Men & Chicken – Anders Thomas Jensen, 2015)

A film appears from time to time, defying any attempt at categorization, a film so strange, absurd, disturbing but also comic and human, that a special genre must be created for it and the film declared as the head of the series. This is the case with ‘Men & Chicken‘, a movie released on screens in 2015, written and directed by Anders Thomas Jensen. It’s a film that doesn’t belong in my comfort zone, and the viewing experience was mixed for me, alternating moments when I wondered ‘what is this nonsense about?’ with moments of real cinematic fascination. This is the second film by the Danish director that I have seen in the last ten days and the fact that Jensen is one of the most original and interesting screenwriters and directors not only in Denmark but also in the whole world seems undeniable to me.

Elias (Mads Mikkelsen) and Gabriel (David Dencik) are brothers. On his deathbed, their father confesses to them that they are in fact adopted. Their biological father lives somewhere, on an isolated island with a population of 42 inhabitants. While searching for hime, they will discover a landscape worthy of horror movies, a farm full of animals and the fact that they have three more brothers. The two are already pretty weird characters, but that’s nothing compared to how their brothers look and behave. From here the film slips into an intrigue and an atmosphere that combines the absurd with the grotesque, the rude with the bizarre. Almost anything I can write here would be a spoiler, so I’ll just say that the five brothers will discover the hidden secrets of their own origins and natures together.

Anders Thomas Jensen practices a kind of humor in this film that is far from my personal taste. The film is full of extremes that can only be taken as a joke. Even if I am resistant to many of the types of effects that are current in modern horror movies, I dislike some of the stuff exposed in this film. Mads Mikkelsen is formidable and the whole team of actors is able to build a world of strange characters whose behaviors, if they follow any rules, these are totally different from the usual. The scenario holds surprises at every turn, it is impossible to predict what will happen in the next minute, especially since what is happening does not always make sense. There is a message in this film, and it is an important one, but before I got to it I had to make the effort to endure many scenes and situations that were hard to digest for me. ‘Men & Chicken‘ belongs to the category of films that I can appreciate in terms of cinematography and originality, but whose viewing require an effort for me.

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father and daughter (film: Tout feu tout flamme – Jean-Paul Rappeneau, 1982)

Tout feu tout flamme‘ (1982) is one of only eight films directed in his career by Jean-Paul Rappeneau, an interesting but not very prolific French film director. This is one of his least appreciated films today, although at the time of its release on screens it enjoyed good publicity and the presence in the cast of two formidable actors: Yves Montand whose career already had gathered three decades and Isabelle Adjani at her peak, shining and beautiful. In fact, the two actors support this film and if the movie is worth seeing today it’s because of them. In their absence, we would have been left with a mediocre and not very funny movie.

The heroine of the film is Pauline Valance (Isabelle Adjani), a beautiful and brilliantly intelligent young woman, the expert assistant of the Minister of Finance. She spends her days in international conferences at the highest level, the evenings she returns home where she takes care of her two younger sisters, teenagers, and her grandmother, the owner of a Parisian building. Suddenly the father (Yves Montand) reappears in their life, many years after having left his family (his wife is apparently dead) to do dubious business with casinos in the Bahamas and Canada. We will soon find out that the exuberant and charming father returned not only because of the longing of the family, but also to seize the property, sell it and use it as a source of financing another dubious business with a casino, this time on on the shores of Lake Geneva, between France and Switzerland. How much is scam and how much is paternal feeling in the person and the actions of the character?

Tout feu tout flamme‘ suffers from the syndrome of films that try to attract viewers of several film genres without deciding exactly where it belongs. It’s often a recipe for failure, and that’s exactly what happens here. The film begins as a family comedy, continues as a film about father-daughter relationships, to become in its second part an action comedy with a touch of political satire. It doesn’t do very well in any of these categories. What makes the film interesting even almost 40 years after its release on screens is the charismatic presence of Yves Montand, who conquers not only the hearts of those around him on screen, but also those of the audience in the room, manages to convince both when he loves and acts melodrama, and as a bonus, he even sings. Besides him, Isabelle Adjani seems less convincing than usual, the comedy scenes in particular are thickened without much effect. Singer Alain Souchon also appears in a supporting role. He has an interesting physiognomy, but unfortunately his role was too thin. All those who miss Yves Montand, who is in this film at the age of maturity but in best physical and artistic form, must see this film. For the rest of the spectators, watching is optional.

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CHANGE.WORLD: General Facebook

Uneori profețiile se împlinesc. Mie mi se întâmplă destul de rar, dar iată, una dintre previziunile făcute de mine la începutul lui 2021 este pe cale să se întâmple. Scriam atunci, în primul articol al anului, că cel puțin unul dintre giganții care domină industriile tehnologiilor avansate (ceea ce numim hi-tech) ar putea trece printr-o restructurare semnificativă în cursul anului care începea. Este exact ceea ce se petrece în ultimele luni la Facebook, și sunt semne de schimbare semnificative nu numai acolo, ci și la Amazon, de exemplu. Mi-a atras atenția însă în ultimele săptămâni încă o evoluție importantă. General Electric și Facebook sunt două companii foarte diferite, care au totuși multe elemente comune. Ambele sunt companii gigantice, care s-au extins în domenii foarte diverse de activitate. General Electric este un veteran al industriei americane care a traversat două schimbări de secol de la înființare. Facebook este o firmă a secolului 21. Ambele au anunțat aproape simultan restructurări importante. Care sunt direcțiile? Ce ar avea de învățat Facebook din evoluția și experiența lui General Electric?

(sursa imaginii: francebleu.fr/infos/economie-social/general-electric-la-cgt-menace-de-bloquer-le-site-a-nouveau-1574429709)

General Electric (GE, cum este cunoscuta în America și în lume) are 129 de ani de istorie. Actul formal de naștere a fost semnat în 1892, în orășelul Schenectady din statul New York, ca rezultat al unirii firmei locale Edison General Electric Company, a lui Thomas Edison, cu Thomas Houston Electric Company din Lynn, Massachusetts, cu sprijinul financiar al unei bănci din grupul lui J.P. Morgan. În 1896 a devenit companie publică, și a fost una din cele 12 firme americane ale căror acțiuni la bursă au format indicele Dow Jones, rămânând una dintre componentele calculului acestui index în majoritatea timpului scurs de atunci. Istoria lui General Electric a fost pentru multă vreme o istorie de expansiune pe piața americană și apoi pe cele internațională și globală, de diversificare a gamei de produse și de servicii, realizate prin achiziții, contopiri și investiții. Începând cu sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea și pentru cea mai mare parte a secolului XX, General Electric a dominat piața americană și a fost un producător major pe cea internațională în domenii dintre cele mai diverse: iluminarea publică și a locuințelor, aparate casnice, receptoare, aparatură pentru studiouri și emițătoare pentru radio și televiziune, locomotive, turbine electrice, motoare pentru avioane și alte componente pentru industria aeronautică, instalații eoliene, aparatură medicală. GE a contribuit la programul nuclear american în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial și la programele NASA de explorare a spațiului cosmic. Singurul domeniu în care succesul i-a ocolit a fost cel al fabricării de calculatoare, domeniu din care General Electric s-a retras. Asta se petrecea la sfârșitul secolului trecut și era probabil unul dintre semnele unor probleme majore.

(sursa imaginii: straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/general-electric-an-industrial-conglomerate-pioneer-to-break-up)

Ambiția de a produce orice era legat de electricitate a dus la formarea unui uriaș conglomerat. Între 1981 și 2001 firma a fost condusă de Jack Welsh, figura legendară, considerat un geniu al organizării și administrării operațiilor. La ieșirea sa la pensie, a primit un ‘pachet de compensare’ în valoare de 417 milioane de dolari. Problemele nu au întârziat însă să iasă la suprafață imediat după plecarea lui. Trei crize financiare au zguduit economia mondială de atunci, și firmele ale căror profiluri nu erau adaptabile și ale căror structuri nu erau suficient de solide nu au rezistat sau au fost nevoite să facă schimbări semnificative. Sinergia internă, principiul care domina firmele conglomerat cum era și GE, masca în multe cazuri lipsa de rentabilitate a unora dintre fabrici, departamente sau linii de activitate. Jeff Immelt, CEO-ul ales de Welsh, care a condus firma intre 2001 și 2017, nu a avut viziunea sau curajul unor măsuri radicale. Înlocuitorul său a rezistat doar un an, și doar venirea la conducerea firmei în 2018 a lui Larry Culp a dat semnalul schimbărilor atât de necesare. Culp este primul șef executiv (CEO) adus din exterior. Valoarea de piață a lui General Electric este astăzi de 121 de miliarde de dolari, cam o cincime (ajustată pentru inflație) din maximul atins în secolul trecut, când GE era cea mai valoroasă firmă din lume (astăzi acest loc este ocupat de Apple).

Schimbările anunțate pe 9 noiembrie înseamnă pași decisivi spre simplificare prin vânzarea liniilor de business și operații mai puțin productive și restructurare, prin împărțirea lui General Electric în trei companii publice diferite și independente. Prima va fi specializată în motoare de avioane, o piață în care GE produce în prezent două treimi din motoarele care echipează avioanele liniilor aeriene civile. Cea de-a doua va produce turbine, instalații și sisteme de producție a energiei electrice, care acoperă cam o treime din piața mondială. În fine, a treia va fi specializată în domeniul aparaturii pentru sistemele medicale, furnizând cele mai moderne instalații pentru spitalele lumii. Dispar complet (mai ales prin vânzări) fabricile care produc aparatură casnică. GE renunță și la girarea operațiunilor financiare care susțineau intern întreaga structură a conglomeratului, dar și ofereau finanțări în condiții avantajoase consumatorilor. Acestea sunt lăsate pe seama băncilor.

(sursa imaginii: theconversation.com/facebook-relaunches-itself-as-meta-in-a-clear-bid-to-dominate-the-metaverse-170543)

Din multe puncte de vedere, Facebook pare o versiune în secolul XXI a lui General Electric. Cu o valoare de piață de aproape un trilion de dolari, este a șaptea cea mai valoroasă firmă din lume. La fel cum GE dorea să fie producătorul de produse electrice cât de aproape de exclusiv pentru clienții săi, Facebook și-a dezvoltat în jurul platformei sale de rețea socială aplicații care permit comunicația interumană (WhatsApp, Messenger), depozitarea informației digitale și grafice (Instagram), accesul la realitățile virtuale și extinse prin hardware video specializat (Oculus, Portal). A lansat un ‘portofel virtual’ (Novi) și studiază introducerea propriei cripto-monete (Diem). Dacă GE tindea cu un secol din urmă să fie furnizorul și punctul central de achiziționare pentru toate produsele electrice, Facebook sau Meta, cum ar trebui să învățam să o numim după anunțurile din 28 octombrie, dorește să devină furnizorul și portalul de acces pentru toate produsele și serviciile din lumea aplicațiilor digitale și a comunicațiilor pe Internet. Atrage atenția accentul sporit pus pe aplicațiile legate de casă (comunicații în familii și între familii, divertisment, jocuri, biroul virtual și aplicațiile care înlesnesc telemunca) și accentul pus pe aplicațiile și aparatele de realitate virtuală (căștile Cambria) și extinsă (Oculus Quest), care urmează să fie integrate cu conceptul de prezență (identitate confirmată și securizată, localizare geografică și în spațiul internetic). Rețineți termenul Horizon Home, care reprezintă aplicația de bază sau portalul de legătură dintre casă-locul de muncă virtual și Universul Meta (Metaverse). Aplicațiile financiare mizează, la fel ca o mare parte din restul industriei la ora actuala, pe tehnologiile blockchain.

(sursa imaginii: uploadvr.com/facebook-hire-10000-eu-metaverse/)

Răspunsul consumatorilor și al analiștilor la anunțurile făcute de Mark Zuckerberg la Connect 2021 a fost mixt. Consensul sugerează că este vorba despre o lărgire a sferei aplicațiilor care folosește tehnologii software noi dar verificate, evitând o schimbare radicală de arhitectură și păstrându-i pe actualii utilizatori în spațiul lor familiar și cu interfețele de utilizator cu care erau obișnuiți. Vectorii de creștere identificați de Zuckerberg par a se afla în spațiul aplicațiilor casnice și al telemuncii, plus o interesantă intrare în domeniul aplicațiilor vehiculare prin intermediul ochelarilor inteligenți, anunțați în cooperare cu Ray-Ban și BMW. În aceste domenii, concurență va fi însă acerbă, căci firme ca Microsoft și Amazon se afla aici de câțiva ani buni. Va fi evitată o ciocnire competitivă directă sau se va ajunde la o formă sau alta de alianțe și integrări? Rămâne de văzut. Alți analiști și mai ales competitori au fost mai puțin diplomați afirmând că Facebook reîmpachetează aplicații într-un concept integrativ existent deja, pretinzând că ar fi vorba despre ceva inovator. Problema principală este însă cea legată de încrederea sau mai bine zis susceptibilitatea consumatorilor fata de o firmă care a dovedit în numeroase rânduri că are probleme și în păstrarea informației utilizatorilor, și în folosirea ei în scopul optimizării comerciale. Nu se poate spune că Facebook nu a depus eforturi în aceste direcții, de la moderarea și filtrarea traficului considerat nociv (cu aplicații AI și cu 40 de mii de angajați în echipe de supraveghetori) și înființarea unui sistem independent de apel al deciziilor pentru Facebook până la cele 5 miliarde de dolari pe care firma i-a investit în acest an în securizarea informației. Consumatorii și forurile regulatorii au devenit însă din ce în ce mai sceptici. Dezvăluirile lui Frances Augen, o fostă salariată a firmei, în documente publicate de Wall Street Journal și în comisiile Congresului American, au întărit percepția unei firme care pune interesul comercial înaintea protecției informației despre cei care folosesc aplicațiile sau care aparține acestora. Unii comentatori au început să-și pună întrebarea dacă problema nu este chiar Mark Zuckerberg însuși, a cărui imagine publică este compromisă și orice măsuri ar anunța sau despre care se știe că sunt luate sub îndrumarea lui sunt privite cu suspiciune. Mark însă nu pare că are nicio intenție să se retragă. Evoluția de la Facebook la Meta oferă însă oportunitatea unei repoziționări.

(sursa imaginii: businessinsider.com/facebook-metaverse-nft-advertising-opportunity-2021-10)

Ce putem învăța punând alături cele două cazuri? Schimbările și restructurarea companiei General Electric au ca scop continuarea liniilor principale de producție în domenii esențiale în secolul XXI, în care firma și-a demonstrat expertiza și în care domină piețele. Desigur, doar viitorul va spune cât de inspirate au fost aceste decizii. În cazul lui Facebook, anunțul Meta pare destul de asemănător celui făcut în 2015 de Google, care a creat firma ‘umbrelă’ Alphabet și organizații paralele pentru tehnologiile noi și pentru cercetare. Schimbarea nu este structurală, fiind vorba despre o evoluție, și nu o revoluție. GE pare să fi învățat că este nevoie de o reducere a dispersării și de focalizarea eforturilor pe liniile principale de expertiză. Facebook se consideră încă în faza de expansiune. Ambele companii evoluează spre structuri mai descentralizate. Și în cazul lui General Electric și în cazul lui Facebook este vorba despre depășirea unor crize în evoluțiile unor mari firme americane, care la anumite momente în timp au încercat să producă aproape totul, pentru cât mai mulți consumatori. Ambele încearcă să analizeze problemele, să identifice cauzele lor structurale și să facă schimbările necesare pentru a se adapta realităților și evoluțiilor economice și tehnologice. În ce măsură vor reuși? Vom urmări și vom relata.

(Articolul a apărut iniţial în revista culturală ‘Literatura de Azi’ – http://literaturadeazi.ro/)

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family affairs (film: The House of Gucci – Ridley Scott, 2021)

I celebrated the 84th birthday anniversary of director Ridley Scott by watching his latest production, ‘House of Gucci‘. It is the second premiere of a film of his in two months, which demonstrates the vitality and desire to make films of the director. Apart from the presence of Adam Driver in the cast, it is a very different film from ‘The Last Duel‘. In fact, this is one of the characteristics of his career. His films are different from each other in terms of theme and genre. One can never predict what Ridley Scott‘s next film will be about. But it can always be assumed that it will be a quality film, an interesting and well-filmed story, a film that will attract talented and prestigious actors. ‘House of Gucci‘ is no exception from these points of view. With a formidable cast and a passionate story, inspired by real events that took place in the fashion empire that is the House of Gucci, a story that combines luxury, passion and crime, ‘House of Gucci‘ did not disappoint me at all .

I confess that I am very little interested and almost completely ignorant in terms of fashion and big fashion houses. ‘House of Gucci describes exactly the history of such an institution, but fortunately for me it is less about the aesthetics of fashion, although the film tries to say something about the conflicts between the classic lines and modernity, between the unique pieces designed to satisfy the fantasies of the world’s rich and mass production, as well as about the fate of the family businesses in an extremely competitive economy in which almost any means excuses the purposes of commercial success and profitability. However, the focus is on the family relationships between brothers Aldo (Al Pacino) and Rodolfo Gucci (Jeremy Irons) who had inherited and developed the business founded by their father and ran it together in the ’80s, and their sons Maurizio (Adam Driver) and Paolo ( Jared Leto). In the family also enters Patrizia Reggiani (Lady Gaga) whose relationship with Maurizio seems at first to be a beautiful love story that breaks down social barriers. However, the family conflicts and the personal relations between the five characters will take a dramatic turn.

Ridley Scott knows how to bring complex stories to screen and to nail in chairs his spectators in movies that last more than two and a half hours. This succeeds in this case as well. ‘House of Gucci‘ is fluent and cinematically consistent. The distribution is top notch and only the sequence of names on the generic would be enough to justify paying the admission ticket. The acting performance that seemed extraordinary to me is that of Lady Gaga. I had greatly appreciated her acting performance in ‘A Star Is Born‘ and hoped that she would confirm her value as an actress even in movies where she does not sing. My expectations were met. In the role here,Lady Gaga proves that she is a formidable actress, who brings life to the characters she enters, who creates roles different from each other and especially from the one she plays in life. Her Patrizia Reggiani, the beautiful, lovingly, ambitious, unscrupulous girl from the people, reminded me all the time while watching Anna Magnani. Al Pacino is also excellent in a consistent role of a character who goes through upheavals of destiny. We can only regret that Jeremy Irons does not have an equally solid role, but the time we see him on screen is a delight. Salma Hayek also shows up in a supporting role, one of her most interesting lately. Turning to the disappointments, I start with Adam Driver, who for the first time after many movies puzzled me, seemed more indecisive than his hero and failed to clarify who was this character who climbs to the top of the pyramid constantly looking like he wants to be somewhere else and do something else. Finally, Jared Leto seemed to me to exaggerate in the transformations of physiognomy and in the comic features that he attributed to his character.

This film could very well have been an Italian film, the language in which most dialogues are supposed to take place. Does it lose credibility by being spoken English sometimes adding, not very justified I would say, Italian accents to the English spoken by some characters. Of course, the Italian film would have been very interesting, but it would have had a different perspective, and I think the issue of authenticity is a false one. A movie is a movie. Ultimately, we don’t care if ‘Spartacus‘ should have been played in Latin or ‘The Last Duel‘ in medieval French. ‘House of Gucci‘ is a great studios film that takes place mostly in Italy and which does not try to pretend that it is something else. I think we’re lucky to have Ridley Scott with us in the ninth decade of his life, full of energy and desire to make movies. Let’s enjoy him!

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the story of an imperfect woman (film: The Worst Person in the World – Joachim Trier, 2021)

The heroine ofJoachim Trier‘s latest film ‘The Worst Person in the World‘ (2021) is about 30 years old, but she still hasn’t managed to find a profession that would give full meaning to her life, or the man she would like to be with and spend the rest of her life, or what could make her happy. It is, if you wish, the film of her searches and the failure of these searches in a hurried and individualistic world. This contemporary Norwegian counter-heroine is one of the most complex and interesting female characters I have seen on screen in recent years. Renate Reinsve‘s formidable performance brought her a well-deserved award for female performance at the Cannes Film Festival. This is one of the important reasons, but not the only one for which this film is worth seeing.

Julie (Renate Reinsve) is an intelligent and intellectually gifted young woman. She starts studying medicine and then gives up, starts studying psychology and abandons this as well, decides to become a photographer and works in parallel and as a bookseller at a bookstore. Her parents are divorced, she is closer to her mother (who is worried about her daughter’s un-decisions) while her distant and indifferent father is a negative model that probably makes her wary of relationships with men. And yet she falls in love, not with one man but with two: with a comics book writer and cartoonist about 14 years her senior who wants a child and with a seller at a pastry shop who wants to have fun and maybe to get rid of his previous girlfriend who is more interested by ecology and vegetarianism. Time passes, life advances, but it is not clear in which direction.

I guess that one of ‘Joachim Trier‘s sources of inspiration are Woody Allen‘s older and newer films. The organization of the story in 12 chapters plus a prologue and an epilogue, the well-matched use in this case of off-screen voice, the relationship between lovers separated by age gap, the presence of parents in the lives of mature people, all these they reminded Allen. Even the almost exclusively urban setting seems inspired by his films, with a local touch, of course. If you haven’t visited Oslo (like me) by the time you finish watching this movie you will feel the desire to visit this city, which looks colorful, sophisticated, and … warm (most of the story seems to take place in the summer). The location in time is clear, thanks to the pandemic masks that the characters wear in the epilogue. Just count a few years back. There are at least two chapters in the film with original cinematography that fits well into the logic of the story – the imaginary or real encounter between lovers looking for and finding each other with the rest of the world frozen around and the sequence of the ‘experimentation’ with hallucinogenic mushrooms. ‘The Worst Person in the World‘ is the story of an imperfect woman with an imperfect life, as are the lives of most of us, a woman who is certainly not the worst person in the world, and the film about her is made interestingly and well acted. Recommended viewing.

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long journey to the north (film: Compartment Number 6 – Juho Kuosmanen, 2021)

I was curious to see ‘Compartment no 6‘, the film by Finnish director Juho Kuosmanen, which became one of the most awarded movies on the festival circuit during this special year which is 2021. The film is a ‘road movie’ or if you wish a ‘railroad movie’ , whose story takes place most of the time in a train that runs through the Russian steppe from Moscow to Murmansk, in the far north, beyond the Arctic Circle. Two young people, a Finn woman and a Russian man, who have nothing in common except enough reasons not to be able to tolerate each other are forced to spend the three days and two nights of the trip together. The formula seems pretty rusty, especially as what almost everything viewers expect after the first ten minutes of watching the film happens, and yet, beyond the not very original story, the film manages to catch the attention through sincerity and the natural and empathetic way in which the characters and the reality around them are treated.

The film director and the lead heroine are Finnish, but the story takes place in Russia, sometime in the late ’90s. Laura (Seidi Haarla), a student in Moscow, is planning a trip to Murmansk, in the far north of Russia, together with Irina, her Russian girlfriend. The friend gives up at the last moment and from what will follow we understand that the relationship was almost over from her point of view. Laura takes the trip alone, in a sleeping cars train, the purpose of the trip being to see some petroglyphs 10 thousand years old, which arouse her interest as a future archaeologist. In the train she is assigned to the same compartment with a young Russian man named Ljoha (Yuriy Borisov), a drunk and rude person. She tries to find a place in another compartment, but this proves to be impossible. The trip promises to become a nightmare, the communication between the two being hampered by differences in language (Laura speaks only elementary Russian), culture, and alcohol fumes. From here, however, things will evolve.

The interaction between the two works wonderfully, and even if the situations are not that original – we have already seen similar ones in too many romantic comedies – the subtlety of the script writing, the talent and the chemistry between the two actors manage to make the relationship credible and human, leaving room for multiple subtexts and interpretations. The romantic element appears late, and until then the communication between the two young people is based neither on language (which is a tool of misunderstanding rather than understanding) nor on sexual attraction. Cultural differences are subtly described, juggling around stereotypes. We can of course ask ourselves how true to realities is the image of Russia in the first decade after communism that is presented to us on screen. I know too little about Finnish cinema, except for a few films by Aki Kaurismaki, so I’m not sure if my assessment is correct, but it seemed to me that compared to what I saw, the focus is less on the comic and sarcastic dimensions and more on the human connection and communication between the heroes. In other words, ‘Compartment no 6‘ looks more like a Russian film about a young Finnish woman directed by a Finn than like a Finnish film. Anyway and whatever shelf we lay it, it is a simple and good film, whose viewing has chances to please many spectators. The actors do an excellent job, and the camera work makes watching the scenes on the train, in Russian homes, or from the frozen steppe an immersive experience. The decisions of the juries of festivals such as Cannes or Jerusalem, I believe, will in this case be validated by the reception of the public.

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mistaken identity (film: Mr. Klein – Joseph Losey, 1976)

Somehow, I succeed to see only now, 45 years after its release, ‘Mr. Klein‘, Joseph Losey‘s 1976 film, one of the most interesting movies about the Holocaust and Paris during the Nazi occupation. The film is produced by Alain Delon, who also plays the lead role, one of the best acting creations of his career. It is also one of the last films in the career of Joseph Losey, a remarkable American film and theater director, who spent many decades of his life in Europe, self-exiled because of his communist beliefs. He made several successful films, mostly in England in the 1960s. ‘Mr. Klein‘, made in France, is both significant as one of the first films that addresses lucidly and critically the problematic history of French collaborationism and also fits into the themes and atmosphere of Losey‘s previous films with heroes who question their identity and the description of ambiguous relationships, often leaving the viewers to decide the meaning of what they see on the screen. I don’t think I’m wrong in saying this is Losey‘s last great movie.

The story takes place in German-occupied Paris in the winter of 1942. Robert Klein (Alain Delon) is an art dealer who leads a comfortable life by taking advantage of the opportunity to buy at low prices paintings from the collections of Jews who were forbidden to practice their professions or trades and who had to sell household objects, including art, in order to survive. The ambiguity of his Alsatian name puts him in an awkward position when he is mistaken for another, Jewish, Robert Klein and begins to receive the newspaper of the Jewish community. Being a Jew in occupied Paris was more than a social stigma, and in trying to clarify the situation, Mr. Klein became entangled in the intricacies of the Petain regime’s bureaucracy. The search for his alter-ego becomes a kind of police intrigue in a world that has become absurd according to the criteria of logic and legality that he had known until then. Gradually, he begins to open his eyes to the extent of the discrimination suffered by the Jews and which he had taken advantage of until then nonchalantly. Trying to prove his own ‘national purity’, Mr Klein starts to get closer the other Robert Klein, who had endangered, intentionally or unintentionally, his easy existence until then. The two Robert Kleins never meet but their destinies are linked.

The quality of Joseph Losey‘s film-making is remarkable. Paris under occupation, decadent and indifferent, in which part of the population had adopted the slogans, policies and racial legislation of the occupiers and had become complicit in persecutions and deportations denying the democratic principles of France, is brought to the screen with authenticity and carelessness. Attentive as always to detail, Losey creates various interior sets, from the hero’s sophisticated apartment or residence in a castle of the probable mistress of the other Robert Klein to his rented, miserable and rat-infested house or the corridors of the police prefectures. The streets are deserted, cold, hostile and if vehicles appear they are police or Gestapo cars. Music plays an important role in two key scenes, one taking place in the castle, the other in a cabaret. The sound of the phones is as threatening as in Hitchcock’s movies. Last but not least, the final scene is probably the first on-screen rendition in a feature film of the arrests and deportations of the Paris Jews from the Winter Velodrome, a historical episode kept under silence until then, which many French would have preferred to forget. Alain Delon builds his role between nonchalance and defiance, between trying to ignore realities and assuming them. Among the actors in the cast, I must also mention Jeanne Moreau and Michael Lonsdale, two formidable actors who are cast here in consistent supporting roles. The ending is debatable and was debated, open to many interpretations that have not, I think, been definitively settled by this day. IMDB mentions that Costa-Gavras also contributed to the script, although he is not listed in the credits. ‘Mr. Klein‘ is a must-see film about occupied France and the attitude of the French towards the Holocaust, a film worth seeing, thinking about and discussing.

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a revenge movie like no other (film: Riders of Justice – Anders Thomas Jensen, 2020)

The poster for ‘Riders of Justice‘, the 2020 film by Danish director Anders Thomas Jensen, features a bearded and tough-looking Mads Mikkelsen with a rifle on his back and a pistol in his hand. It could very well be a poster for a Bruce Willis movie, and the first ten minutes of the movie seem to indicate that we are watching a revenge movie. Markus, the hero played by Mikkelsen is a professional soldier who, while deployed on a mission to a country in the desert, receives the news that his wife died in an apparent train accident. Returning home to bury his wife and take care of his teenage daughter, Markus is contacted by an eccentric mathematician who, at the time of the accident, had traveled in the same car with his dead wife, and who convinces him that it was not an accident and that he suspects who might be culprits. What follows is a kind of revenge movie, but a very special one and very different from the ones in which Willis would act or have acted in.

The action scenes are not lacking throughout the film, and yet ‘Riders of Justice‘ is far from a routine genre film, and is rather close to the violent and colorful, comic and absurd world of the Coen brothers. One of the reasons why this film is special is the gallery of characters that are excellently outlined, each of them strange in his own way but with well-justified motivations for the way he or she behaves. Markus (Mads Mikkelsen) is a professional military who has lived a large part of his life away from his family, has probably seen everything related to violence and his first instinct is to resort to violence to resolve conflicts of any kind. Otto (Nikolaj Lie Kaas) carries back the loss of a daughter many years ago in an accident for which he was responsible, while his friend Lennart (Lars Brygmann) carries childhood traumas. Hacker Emmenthaler (Nicolas Bro) and Mathilde (Andrea Heick Gadeberg), Markus’ daughter, who share the overweight complexes, Bodashka (Gustav Lindh), a young Ukrainian trafficked as a male prostitute, and the teenager Sirius (Albert Rudbeck Lindhardt) complete an unlikely team that in the desire to help Markus in his revenge campaign ends up facing an ultra-violent gang of criminals.

The fact that the bad guys gang bear the judicial name ‘Riders of Justice‘ which is also the title of the film is, of course, an irony but also more than that. Far from assuming absolute clarity in separating evil from good, the story revolves around a few questions whose answers are not easy and are constantly changing, and these changes are even more interesting than gunshots duels. Are the chains of events deterministic, and can we calculate not only their sources but also their consequences and future events? To what extent can we rely on mathematical calculations and ‘modern’ technologies such as facial recognition? Screenwriter and director Anders Thomas Jensen‘s approach combines the sarcastic and anti-moralizing cynicism specific to some of the Danish films with the sympathy for his characters who are not blessed by luck. The result is that we can identify emotionally with the heroes of the film despite the many horrors that happen on the screen, some of which are committed by them. The film also has many moments of irresistible comedy, sometimes deriving from situations, sometimes resulting from dialogues, and my only reproach is a somewhat excessive length and a few redundancies in the second part, in which the screenwriter seemed to have finished the supply of original ideas and resorted in compensation to more routine action scenes and melodrama situations. ‘Riders of Justice‘ is a revenge film different from all the others that have been labelled as such so far, and the only thing we can hope for is that the American remake, if there will be one, will not cast Bruce Willis in the lead role.

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strong political docu-drama about the Communist show trials (film: L’aveu – Costa-Gravras, 1970)

L’aveu‘ (the English title is ‘The Confession‘), a film made in 1970 by Costa-Gavras a year after the international success of his previous film, ‘Z‘, is already an object of historical study. A year after exposing to the world in one of the best political thrillers ever made the mechanisms of political assassinations and the rise to power of a right-wing regime, Costa-Gavras describes the mechanisms of totalitarian repression of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia using a real historical case, the one of the communist leader Artur London. He had been tried and convicted in 1952 on fabricated charges and imaginary guilt, along with much of the leadership of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, in a public show trial organized by Stalin’s order. Being one of the few defendants who had not been sentenced to death, he had the chance to survive and even be released a few years later, after the death of the Kremlin dictator, and to write a book describing in detail the events that led to his arrest, the investigations and tortures, the trial. I think that Costa-Gavras‘ two films, ‘Z‘ and ‘L’aveu‘, should be appreciated together, because they represent together an indictment against totalitarianisms of any orientation and samples of political cinema among the best ever made.

Anton Ludvik (Yves Montand) was a veteran of the anti-fascist struggle and a convinced communist. The year the action begins is 1950, soon after the communist takeover of Czechoslovakia by force and with the help of the Soviet army. Gerard (the conspiratorial name turned into heroic nickname) becomes one of the members of the nomenclatura, a deputy foreign minister, he lives in a luxurious villa with his French wife (Simone Signoret) and he drives his own car. Despite all his merits, he notices that he is being pursued by the secret police, and after a short time he is arrested. He had fallen victim, along with much of Czechoslovakia’s communist leadership, to Stalinist paranoia and the Kremlin dictator’s desire to find scapegoats for the failures of the communist system. The method invented in 1936-1938 in the Soviet Union during the Great Terror was that of public show trials, in which accusers, former dignitaries of the regime, acknowledged imaginary and phantasmagoric guilt and were sentenced to harsh punishments, often to death, to the applause of the audiences. Those who could endanger the leaders at the top of the pyramid and those who had political tendencies that deviated from the party’s political line were thus eliminated, and an atmosphere of suspicion and terror was established throughout the population and even among the supporters of the regime. The film describes in detail the mechanisms of investigation and terrorization of detainees who turned them from dignitaries and sometimes heroes of communism into human wrecks, able to take responsibility for imaginary crimes and lead through their confessions to their own condemnation.

The format conceived by Costa-Gavras is that of docu-drama, although the term was probably not invented at the time the film was made. The main source of the script is the book written by Artur London and his wife after their release from prison and after they arrived in the West. Yves Montand plays one of the great roles of his career here, following the twenty months of investigation in which the self-confident man, the hero of the Spanish Civil War and the Anti-Fascist Resistance becomes a prisoner identified only by a number and a coward able to denounce and falsely accuse his friends and himself. Simone Signoret is also excellent in the role of the wife who suffers the consequences of the fall of her husband, continuing to support him and taking responsibility for the survival of the family. Many of the scenes are harsh and painful, but the two actors manage to give dignity and human dimensions to the dilemmas and confrontations that the heroes experience. The scenes from the trial are also of a remarkable authenticity and precision in reconstructing the historical details. Watching this film, we can’t help but think of the other ‘Process’ that was created in the Czech space, Kafka’s novel. The finale puts the episode of Stalinist trials in the context of the events of 1968, in which Czechoslovakia had experienced for a few months ‘socialism with a human face’, an experiment cut short by another invasion of the Soviet army. Today, 70 years after the Stalinist trials, 50 years after the film was made, and 30 years after the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia and the rest of Eastern Europe, we can see ‘L’aveu‘ in perspective and appreciate Costa-Gavras‘ lucid vision in bringing to screen one of the painful episodes in the history of totalitarianism and its consequences.

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