Muzicianul si teroarea istoriei (Carte: Kjell Espmark – Bela Bartok contra celui de-al Treilea Reich)

Poet, prozator si istoric cunoscut in Suedia, Kjell Espmark este membru al Academiei Suedeze – acel forum care in fiecare an selecteaza castigatorul Premiului Nobel pentru Literatura. Acum Espmark se confrunta cu publicul romanesc care are ocazia sa ii cunoasca una dintre cartile sale recente – ‘Bela Bartok contra celui de-al Treilea Reich’ aparuta in 2012 in colectia ‘BIBLIOTECA POLIROM’ a editurii cuacelasi nume. Traducerea nu este insa direct din suedeza, Angela Marin traducand cartea din spaniola. Traducerea mi s-a parut de bun nivel cu exceptia unui neasteptat si deranjant ‘camp de concentrare si exterminare’ (pag. 73), dar ma intreb totusi daca si dece nu s-o fi gasit un traducator din suedeza pentru a evita dubla traducere.

 

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Este dificil de categorisit aceasta carte. La mai putin de 150 de pagini ‘Bela Bartok contra celui de-al Treilea Reich’ este cam de dimensiunile unei nuvele, dar structura narativa este destul decomplexa pentru a o apropia de genul romanului. Ar fi deci un mini-roman biografic, dar multe dintre paginile cartii inclina candspre eseul istoric, cand spre poezie tradand poetul obisnuit cu slefuirea cuvintelor si sublimarea gandirii in directia metaforelor.Nici planul temporal nu este clar – naratiunea este o succesiune de flash-back-uri alternate cu vise si cu premonitii despre viitor, pe care muzicianul Bela Bartok le traieste in dupa-amiaza unei zile de toamna tarzie, undeva in sudul Frantei in anul 1940, in timp ce se afla in asteptarea plecarii spre taramul libertatii numit America, printre ultimii refugiati care mai aveau posibilitatea de a parasi Europa democratiei infrante, inainte de a fi ferecate orice porti de iesire pentru cei pe care noii stapani ai continentului ii considerau nedemni de o viata omeneasca sau pur si simplu nedemni de viata. Nu este clar daca toate gandurile si visele acestea se petrec in decursul catorva secunde sau al catorva ore, dar nici nu este prea important, ceea ce conteaza este perspectiva temporala care include intreg trecutul muzicianului, dar si viitorul sau, cei cativa (putini) ani pe care avea sa-i mai traiasca in exil in America.

Cartea urmareste in general cu exactitate biografia muzicianului maghiar, care fara a fi un creator prolific a fost unul dintre muzicienii cunoscuti ai primei jumatati a secolului 20, si al carui nume a ramas in istoria muzicii in special prin extensivele cercetari folclorice, inregistrari si culegerea de cantece populare din Ungaria, Romania si Slovacia. Una dintre primele secvente ale amintirilor compozitorului este legata de calatoriile in satele indepartate, de relatia cu taranii si cu muzica lor:

Curios este ca aceasta muzica este legata anume de acest loc, cu ulita satului gloduroasa si cu mirosul patrunzator de balegar, fiind totodata universala in libera ei circulatie ce nu se opreste in fata capricioaselor frontiere nationale – ba romaneasca, ba maghiara, ba slovaca. Aidoma plantelor ale caror seminte sunt imprastiate de vant si prind radacini cand ici, cand colo, insa intotdeauna dau marturie despre inrodirea dintre ele dincolo de inversunatele linii rosii ale hartilor’ (pag. 20)

 

sursa www.ilbrigante.it

sursa www.ilbrigante.it

 

Muzica joaca un rol important in naratiune, cu doua bucati muzicale dominand prima si a doua parte a cartii. In prima parte este introdus cvartetul de coarde numarul 6, prilej pentru autor de a glosa prin intermediul personajului Bartok despre relatia dintre forma si continut in arta in general si in muzica in special, despre frica dictatorilor din totdeauna fata de arta care nu poate fi incadrata in canoanele formale pe care ei le cunosc si pe care le stapanesc, despre libertatea creatorului care atunci cand nu se poate exprima liber in continut se manifesta in permanenta cautare a formelor noi. Nazismul la fel ca si comunismul au dispretuit si au incercat sa distruga arta libera, cautarile formale etichetate drept ‘arta degenerata’:

‘… or fi avut chiar atata putere cateva masuri ale unui cvrartet de coarde incat sa opreasca un tanc? … Ce l-o fi putut ingrozi atat pe Goebbels cel din somn si ce le-o fi sadit celor de la putere atata frica de arta? A, ca arta era o activitate complet libera? Evident. O arta ce scapa oricarui tip de control birocratic ori militar constituie chiar un pericol.’ (pag. 40)

‘E limpede ca ii sperie pe langa singularele tonalitati, si neasteptata libertate preluata de Bartok din cantecele tarancilor si din melodiile muzicantilor de la sat. Ii deranjeaza vechile tonalitati ecleziastice , ba chiar si elementele pentatonice – mult mai vechi in muzica populara, ruralismul dezlantuit, in raspar cu evolutia muzicii urmata de spiritul german de doua secole. Si nici ca pot altceva decat sa se ingrozeasca si sa dispretuiasca bogata varietate a ritmurilor involburate si schimbarea cadentei pe care taranii le adora – acestea fiind cu totul diferite de cadenta lor disciplinata de mars militar.’ (pag. 47)

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezbscD65ZIE

(video source honekawasujiemon)

 

Dihotomia intre estetic si politic, cele doua planuri in care se desfasoara lupta intre artist si tiranie, intre individ si sistem este pusa in evidenta cu pretul unei singure – dar majore – abateri de la biografia reala a lui Bartok. In niciun moment in carte nu este mentionat faptul ca a doua sotie lui Bartok – Ditta Pasztory – era evreica, si acest fapt trebuie sa fi fost determinant in hotarirea sotilor Bartok de a parasi in ultimul moment Europa cotropita de nazisti. Nu am gasit informatii care sa confirme sau sa infirme asocierea voluntara prezentata in carte a lui Bartok cu ‘artistii degenerati’ sau sfidarea deschisa a germanilor prin auto-declararea ca ‘evreu voluntar’ intr-o vreme in care devenea din ce in ce mai clar ca evreii sa-i numim reali se aflau in pericol de moarte. Relatia intre Bela si Ditta este descrisa in toata complexitatea si frumusetea ei prin intermediul unei alte splendide piese muzicale – Sonata pentru Doua Piane si Percutie, care avea sa fie piesa de rezistenta in primul concert dat de perechea de muzicieni dupa ce vor ajunge in Statele Unite.

 

(video source aherzog32)

 

Bela Bartok a ales pana la urma exilul si aceasta prilejuieste dezvoltarea a inca unei teme importante a cartii, tema legata de dilema intelectualului si artistului obligat de furtunile istoriei sa se desparta de spatiul geografic si cultural in care s-a nascut si in care isi crease arta pana in acel moment.

‘… o intrebare ce-i framanta pe toti fugarii – ca si pe cei care nu au fugit inca, o intrebare pusa in atat de multe limbi, incat probabil ca-i insoteste pe oameni de cand lumea – cand e bine sa fugi? Nu prea devreme, ca sa nu fii nevoit sa-ti parasesti rudele si prietenii, caminul si bunurile, cultura si limba, in conditiile in care viitorul nu-ti poate aduce decat instrainare, saracie si o neincetata pribegie. Dar nici tarziu, sa te trezesti ca granitele s-au inchis, ca autobuzul plin cu capturati asteapta cu farurule stinse chiar in spatele barierei de control, iar patrulele de noapte, odata ce au terminat ce era de facut, incep sa tranteasca usile inchizandu-le. ‘ (pag. 75-76)

Cati dintre emigrantii politici si refugiatii de teroare (etnica, rasista, politica) nu au facut aceste calcule ‘in atat de multe limbi’, cum scrie autorul?

In situatia in care se afla refugiatul Bela Bartok, artistul, muzicianul, europeanul Bela Bartok in acea toamna, plecarea era singura solutie. Bartok era nu numai un muzician cu un exceptional si acut simt al auzului, era si un om sensibil la suferintele semenilor sai, capabil sa le auda nu numai fiecare nota de tanguire din cantece, dar si fiecare suspin si tipat de groaza din momentele de suferinta.

‘Incepe sa se faca tarziu in Europa. Seara este scindata intre un cuvant gol si o bezna deasa. Doar cel care pleaca de aici se mai poate intoarce. Iar el pleaca.’ (pag. 147)

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biography and pamphlet (‘Il Divo’ – Paolo Sorrentino, 2008)

Biographical films tend to be respectful to the historical figures that they describe. Even when they describe complex and controversial  characters they try to explain and to put in context the motivation of deeds which in the perspective of history seem evil. Paolo Sorrentino‘s ‘Il Divo’ is quite the contrary, it is a negative biography about a character who dominated the Italian politics for most of the second part of the 20th century, the leader of the Christian-Democratic Party and seven-times Prime Minister of Italy, Giulio Andreotti. The film does not lack complexity – quite the contrary – and the historical context of the 80s and 90s is described in detail, but the effect is willingly opposite than in usual biographies. Even political actions which would have seen candid or neutral seem to catch a strong significance and are seen through the perspective of the corruption and Mafia-relations which seem to have dominated Italian political life of the period.

 

www.imdb.com/title/tt1023490/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1023490/

 

My knowledge about the Italian politics is too superficial to make a definite judgment about the correctness of the facts presented on screen. What I can say after seeing the film is that it does not seem to pretend to be objective. Even if there is no explicit statement, there is neither any positive angle we brought into the film or positive dimension that is not questioned. Even the relationship with his wife (‘I knew all these years what kind of man I married’) or helping the poor (which looks more like a political exercise deprived of sincerity). There are however many other scenes (like the repeated walk on empty streets surrounded by cohorts of security people, the reception after his last nomination as Prime Minister) which describe not only the outer-worldness of the man, but also of the whole system.

Even more amazing is the fact that Andreotti was alive when this film was made (he actually died about a month ago) and has seen at least part of the film, allegedly walking out after a while. So this is not only a biography, but a pamphlet directed against a living politician. Andreotti, by the way, was no stranger to the Italian cinema industry, he played an important role in establishing the rules that protected the local industry against foreign (especially Hollywood) imports in the 50s, but also the establishment of a de-facto censorship over the content of the productions which was in place for many decades. Is this film also kind of a revenge of the now free industry over this character? Maybe.

 

(video source Artificial Eye)

 

To a very large extent ‘Il DIvo’ relies on the extraordinary acting performance of Toni Servillo. He makes one of these creations which in time tend to superpose and replace the visual representation we have about the real-life person. Great acting indeed, but do we end by understanding better Giulio Andreotti the man? I doubt it. Paolo Sorrentino certainly knows how to construct complex characters which do not show easily their intense internal beings. Looking now retrospectively he did the same thing in This Must Be the Place (which he made later, but I saw it before). He does not however serve the viewers with ready prepared answers about the motivation of his heroes. I knew very little about Andreotti before seeing this film, I know many more facts now, but the man remains a mystery.

 

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the best Tarantino movie not made by Tarantino (Film: ‘True Romance’ – Tony Scott, 1993)

I believe that there is such a genre called ‘the Tarantino movies’. They have a story which is usually a gangster story, but not necessarily. Men in the story are teenagers or they all have teenagers minds, they are addicted to comics and pulp fiction, they love cinema if cinema was invented when the action takes place, there must be a scene in a cinema theater or at least in front of a TV set in these films. Girls are gorgeous and hookers. Morality plays an important role, but is of a special kind. There is a lot of violence in this films, so well filmed that viewers know it’s not true and they have fun watching it. Martial arts are the real art.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt0108399/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt0108399/

 

Some of the Tarantino films are made by Quentin Tarantino. Some other not. ‘True Romance’ is not, but it’s written by Tarantino, it was made 20 years ago but looks as fresh as if it was made yesterday, which shows that the genre beyond other qualities also has the one of aging nicely. It’s a gangster story, it’s a love story, it’s a crime comedy about a young couple semi-willingly becoming murderers and unwillingly becoming drug dealers, it’s a road movie, it’s a movie about Hollywood. And it’s fun to watch.

 

(video source C64b)

 

There are so many good things in this film that I have a hard time picking which one to list. Dialogs and the musical score (Hans Zimmer – see the list of the films he composed for at IMDb and you will understand why you loved even more some of the best films in Hollywood in the last 30 years) are exquisite. Acting is stellar with the lead exception of Christian Slater which I simply cannot force myself to like. Lucky me, he is paired in the film with Patricia Arquette, and then we have Dennis Hopper, Brad Pitt, James Gandolfini, Christopher Walken, Gary Oldman … wow … each of them in supporting roles hard to forget.

The director of this film is Tony Scott, who died last year. He was among these directors who would never get an Oscar because he just made the films that pleased the crowds. ‘True Romance’ is however much more than a crowd-pleaser, it may be T.Scott’s best and one of the best Tarantino films ever made.

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Carte: Daniel Cristea-Enache – Literatura de azi

Am avut multe motive sa citesc imediat ce am avut ocazia cartea lui Daniel Cristea-Enache ‘Literatura de azi’ cu subtitlul ‘Di@loguri pe net’ (ortografia originala, desigur, din toate punctele de vedere), aparuta acum cateva saptamani la POLIROM. In primul rand pentru ca Daniel Cristea-Enache este criticul meu literar preferat, si insubstanta si in stil, un critic care stie sa caute esenta si frumosul in carti si sa scrie frumos despre ele, un prieten, coleg, discipol si mentor (varsta sa-i zicem mijlocie ii permite sa se bucure de ultimele doua functii simultan) al multor scriitori romani contemporani. Al doilea motiv este implicarea intensa a criticului in lumea internetica in care ne-am intalnit si in care eu vin din cu totul alta directie. Daniel este un utilizator hiperactiv al Facebook-ului, si mai mult decat un suporter, este un promotor al exclusivelor internetice, lucru aproape unic printre criticii literari, si destul de rar intr-un mediu in care multe figuri ilustre continua sa duca un razboi  fara speranta pentru pastrarea suprematiei suportului de hartie al cuvantului tiparit fata de cel pastrat electronic si facut accesibil cu ajutorul Internetului. Aceasta carte insasi este dovada ca Daniel este printre aceia, inca putini, care a inteles puterea distribuirii literaturii si a informatiei culturale in general in mod liber si instantaneu, fara a tine cont de frontierele geografiei. ‘Literatura de azi’ este o culegere a interviurilor publicate intre sfarsitul lui 2011 si inceputul lui 2013 in foiletoane saptamanale de portalul cultural liternet.ro, interviuri ale caror mod de desfasurare le determina structura si le da un caracter aparte.

Mai exista insa un al treilea motiv si acesta este propria mea pasiune pentru interviuri in general, si interviurile cu scriitori si oameni de cultura in special. Originile acestei pasiuni personale pot fi gasite in anii de inceput ai ‘Romaniei Literare’, care in 1968, anul de speranta al scurtului si amagitorului dezghet politic si cultural romanesc inlocuia anchilozata ‘Gazeta literara’, sub o noua conducere cu Geo Dumitrescu redactor-sef si Adrian Paunescu redactor-sef adjunct. Printre multele noutati de format si continut gazeta continea in acei ani interviuri pe care poetul tanar si gazetarul talentat care era Paunescu in acei ani le lua colegilor de breasla scriitori, dar si oamenilor de cultura din alte discipline, precum si unor personalitati din alte domenii, inclusuv cel politic. Atunci, in anii (pentru mine) ai adolescentei si formarii intelectuale, am simtit forta interviului de calitate in a aduce cititorilor fatetele diferite ale personalitatilor intervievate, detalii ale biografiei lor, atitudinea fata de controversele zilei, fata de marile si micile probleme ale tarii si societatii in care traiesc. Nu a durat mult perioada de dezghet, ‘Romania literara’ a trecut in alte maini, si seria de interviuri a fost intrerupta. Adrian Paunescu avea sa o reia cativa ani mai tarziu la Flacara, dar nu mai era nici aceeasi atmosfera de entuziasm si deschidere in cultura si societatea romaneasca, si nici Paunescu nu mai era acelasi, devenind din ce in ce mai aliniat cu directivele de partid, si plusand in directia crearii unor formate care serveau cultul personalitatii perechii de dictatori din fruntea Romaniei acelor ani. Interviurile devenisera din ce in ce mai rare, si scriitorii romani ai anilor 70 si 80 au fost din nou pentru citititori in marea lor majoritate doar niste nume pe copertitle cartilor. Nu este deci de mirare ca dupa 1989 scriitorii mai mici si mai mari au abordat cu entuziasmul si foamea recuperarii genurile care permit expunerea personala de la jurnal la corespondente, de la publicistica de atitudine la interviuri. Pentru multi dintre scriitorii cei mai de succes ai Romaniei de astazi cartile de publicistica, jurnalele, dialogurile si interviurile ocupa numeric locuri aproape egale cu cele ale operelor literare insasi.

 

Image.ashx

 

Interviurile publicate de-a lungul lunilor si anilor de Daniel Cristea-Enache prilejuiesc o cunoastere a scriitorilor romani de astazi dincolo de opera lor, dar contextul este aproape intotdeauna cel al operei scrise. Ca autor de interviuri Daniel are marele avantaj de a cunoaste perfect si in profunzime cartile autorilor cu care discuta, o cunoastere care pare sa depaseasca simpla relatie intre critic si scriitor. Ca si atunci cand scrie cronici literare, intrebarile pe care le pune arata ca nu este vorba numai despre un critic ci si despre un cititor pasionat si empatic, doritor de a afla cat mai multe despre omul din spatele cartii si astfel de a-i intelege mai bine opera scrisa, si despre un cercetator atent care si-a pregatit bine lectiile cunoscand in amanunt biografia partenerilor de discutie. Aceasta ii permite sa abordeze interviurile compuse din patru sau cinci intrebari sau grupaje de intrebari fara preambule, direct si foarte la obiect in ceea ce priveste persoana si opera scriitorului cu care discuta. Iata de exemplu cum incepe interviul cu
Livius Ciocarlie:

‘DANIEL CRISTEA-ENACHE: Stimate domnule Livius Ciocarlie, in cea mai recenta carte a dumneavoastra, ‘La foc marunt’, va marturisitiimposibilitatea de a refuza o solicitare, o rugaminte, o invitatie, precum si seriozitatea si aplicatia oarecum atipice cu care purcedeti la onorarea lor. Tot aici, constatati ca, in ultima vreme, ritmul acestor solicitari a scazut: numai uneori, spuneti, mai cade cate un “obuz”.
De ce oamenii vin spre dumneavoastra cu aceste solicitari? Si de ce nu le puteti spune “nu”? De ce ati acceptat din prima clipa sa facem acest dialog, fara vreo “codeala” de vedeta ori invocarea unei agende cu alte prioritati?
Totusi, stimate domnile Livius Ciocarlie, este vorba despre timpul dumneavoastra. Timpul: ceva foarte pretios pentru un scriitor si pentru un eseist. De ce-l fragmentati si de ce oferiti altora bucati din el?’ (pag. 143)

La asemenea intrebari sau grupaje de intrebari atent formulate si bine argumentate rapunsurile sunt pe masura, fiecare profilate pe stilul si personalitatea celui intervievat. Livius Ciocarlie raspunde in stil banatean, cu o argumentare personala care dezvaluie laboratorul literar si crezul personal. Cu Carmen Musat raspunsul la prima intrebare capata dimensiunile unei treceri in revista a evolutiilor politice ale ultimelor decenii si atitudinii scriitoarei. Ioan Es. Pop raspunde la o intrebare lipsita de menajamente legata de implicarea poetului cu Securitatea cu includerea unui poem scris in acea perioada ale carui versuri vorbesc mai bine despre framantarile si umbrele acelor vremuri care continua sa-l insoteasca. Norman Manea, si el autor de carti de dialoguri dezvaluie mecanismele acestora si nevoia de a discuta in conditiile exilurilor (interior, geografic) pe care le-a trait. Iar Lucian Dan Teodorovici isi descrie pasiunea pentru … Dinamo.

Dezvoltarea in continuare a fiecaruia dintre interviuri este contruita pe raspunsul primit la intrebarile precedente, si cateodata
influentata si de evolutia evenimentelor politce. Multe dintre interviuri au avut loc in zbuciumatul an 2012, anul protestelor si al  suspendarilor, al referendumului si al alegerilor. Zgomotul strazii si zarva mediatica a lui 2012 se lasa auzite in spatiul virtual in care se desfasoara interviurile. De cele mai multe ori insa Daniel Cristea-Enache reuseste sa obtina de la interlocutorii sai raspunsuri care pun in evidenta esenta gandirii si scrierilor acestora, precum si informatii noi care completeza imaginea si informatia pe care cititorii si-o formasera despre ei. Aflam despre cautarile si peregrinarile lui Dan Lungu si despre istoria Clubului 8. Ne delectam cu felul in care isi descrie Emil Brumaru pasiunea poeziei, si felul in care aceasta se leaga de diversele etape ale biografiei sale. Ne emotionam la povestea de dragoste personala si autobiografica pe care ne-o asterne Radu Pavel Gheo. Reflectam impreuna cu Radu Vancu la relatia dintre poetic si politic. De la Vasile Ernu capatam un raspuns incomod dar lucid la o intrebare legata de o posibila reintregire romaneasca a Basarabiei. Aflam de la Silviu Lupescu lucruri inedite despre istoria editurii POLIROM.

 

foto: Viorel Ilisoi

foto: Viorel Ilisoi

 

Personal am fost fascinat in mod special de interviul cu Norman Manea. Exilul este una dintre temele principale ale operelor lui Manea, dar ceea ce a reusit sa obtina Daniel Cristea-Enache in interviul sau cu scriitorul care traieste astazi peste ocean este un eseu personal si o reflectare sintetica a problematicii exilului, in special pentru un scriitor al carui mod de a trai este atat de legat de limba in care s-a nascut si format. Cand scrie ‘Paradoxal, nevoia unei patrii poate fi mai acuta pentru cel acuzat mereu ca nu o are si nu ar putea avea vreuna, desemnat ca strain in propria tara si oriunde.’ (pag. 251) Manea descrie intr-o singura propozitie dilema identitara a intelectualilor evrei din exil dintotdeauna, pentru ca apoi sa-si dezvolte experienta personala de peregrinari geografice si spirituale:

‘Exilul este o socanta dislocare si disposesie, in care pierzi locul firesc, limba, prietenii, cartile, rutina unei vieti ritmate de ciclul natural al calendarului si al virstelor. Este o dialectica a schimbarii, cum spunea Brecht, si anume a uneia brutale care solicita intens fibra intregii fiinte. O trauma esentiala. Dar si o enorma sansa, care te obliga s-o asumi, sansa de a te reanaliza si a deschide larg ochii spre diversitatea lumii, la care nu aveai acces in ograda bine imprejmuita a provinciei natale. O trauma privilegiata, un extraordinar exercitiu pedagogic al scrutarii sinelui, cu necunoscutele sale, solicitate sa se puna in valoare si, concomitent, a necunoscutului din jur. Descoperi, vrind-nevrind, o noua lume si noua lume din tine insuti.’ (pag. 252-253).

Faptul ca raspunsurile la interviuri sunt scrise creaza oportunitatea diferentierilor stilistice, mai evidente la unii dintre respondenti, mai putin la altii. Nu cred ca va fi greu sa fie detectat stilul si identificat autorul in textele scrise de Emir Brumaru, Razvan Petrescu, Norman Manea, Livius Ciocarlie – si acestea isi vor putea gasi locurile in tomurile de opere complete de mai tarziu. Ultimele intrebari din fiecare grupaj difera ca stil si abordare. In unele cazuri este vorba despre ‘proba cea mai dificila’ (la Livius Ciocarlie), in altele (iarasi Manea) este lasat interlocutorul sa-si puna sie insusi intrebarea care ‘sa nu fi venit’ in multe alte interviuri date anterior. Fiecare grupaj de scriitor este completat de un Curriculum Vitae scris de fiecare autor, inca un prilej de auto-analizare, de cizelare a perspectivelor si a contextului si de diferentieri interesante in modul de scriere.

Am citit ‘Literatura de azi’ cu dragoste si interes fata de cei care au raspuns provocarii lui Daniel Cristea-Enache si prin el s-au dezvaluit cititorilor. Pe unii dintre scriitori ii cunosc mai bine, le-am citit unele dintre cartile mai importante, pe altii mai putin, pe cativa doar dupa nume. Cartea lui Daniel mi-a trezit interesul sa ii citesc pe toti. Cartea este cred importanta si prin relatia pe care o creaza intre interviurile care au aparut mai intai la liternet.ro si volumul tiparit – inca o dovada ca Internetul nu poate (chiar daca ar intentiona) sa ucida cuvantul tiparit, dar il poate influenta si schimba enorm, pana la crearea de noi genuri literare.

Esentialul ramane insa tot dialogul. In acest spirit cea mai buna incheiere a acestor randuri mi se pare tot un citat din interviul luat lui Norman Manea:

‘Dialogul intre oameni a suferit drastice transformari datorita evolutiei tehnicii, prin aparitia postei, telegrafului, telefonului, radioului, televiziunii, computerului si, recent a multiplelor jucarii de buzunar care permit contactul instantaneu cu lumea intreaga. Ce inseamna desfiintarea practica a comunicarii epistolare, in folosul uneia rapide si laconice si, inevitabil, reductive, nu putem inca evalua, dar este vorba, sint convins, de schimbari care afecteaza profund si personalitatea umana si societatea umana. Chiar si sub formele noi, accelerate si simplificate, dialogul ramine esential; lipsa acestuia contine grave prejudicii si primejdii. Cum s-a dovedit, indemnul “iubeste pe aproapele tau” este iluzoriu. Dar daca l-am modifica in “dialogheaza cu aproapele si departele tau”? Este greu de imaginat convietuirea in familie si societate, intro tara si in lume in lipsa dialogului sau prin degradarea sa ireversibila in agresivitate, obtuzitate, suficienta, narcisism, fanatism, idolatrizarea sinelui?” (pag. 266-267)

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screen and stage (Film: Le prenom – 2012)

‘Le prenom’ translated in English in the Shakespearean ‘What’s in a Name’ is even more than an adaptation, it is almost filmed theater. Excepting the introduction which is funny but has little to do with the film and the final few minutes which could have been much better all the play … sorry … the film takes place in a Parisian apartment where five characters mid-class, mid-age meet for dinner and live the crisis of their lives triggered by a practical joke one of them makes related to the name of his baby-to-come. As in Polanski‘s ‘Carnage’ which brought to screen a play by Yasmina Reza, the border between theater and film is never really crossed. Actually this film/play is so close to Reza’s style that I would have been fooled easily if they told me it’s written by her.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt2179121/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt2179121/

 

Alexandre de la Patelliere and Mathieu Delaporte brought to screen Delaporte’s play and it looks like they do not have any other ambition than bringing to broader audiences the same story of good friends discovering unknown truths and hidden aspects of each other’s personalities. Every ten minutes or so we do have a new revelation, each one about another of the characters involved which will put at try family relations and friendships forged decades back, in childhood. There are no social comments of actuality and no political sub-tones if we exclude some references to the left vs. conservative stereotypes, and probably the most significant (and funniest) reference is made to political correctness, related to the selection of the name of the baby boy, but it is consumed unfortunately in the first third of the movie. However, this may play eventually in the favor of the text, keeping it timeless and helping it stay actual even if read and played many years or decades from now.

 

(video source CinemasGaumontPathe)

At the end of the day viewing ‘Le prenom’ is an enjoyable experience and this is due to the well written dialog (it’s a filmed play, but a good one) and to the excellent acting. I especially liked the pair of brother and sister (Patrick Bruel and Valerie Benguigui) who succeed both to bring real-life nuances to their characters, supplementary to the complexity and wit which is derived from the text. Do not avoid ‘Le prenom’ if it comes soon on a screen or a stage close to your place.

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‘based on a true story’ does not really make a true film (Film: All Good Things – Ryan Gosling, 2010)

‘All Good Things’ is the only big screen feature film made until now by director Andrew Jarecki, who seems to have been involved previously with documentary movies, and we can feel this. Although he had for this movie at hands a splendid team of Hollywood actors who did a fine job he did not succeed to turn the juicy crime story upon which the film is based into a real compelling piece of cinema.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1175709/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1175709/

 

The story Jarecki is using is the highly publicized and never solved case of the disappearance in the early 80s of the wife of a rich class New Yorker, involved in the murky real-estate business of his family in the center of Manhattan. Twenty years and two more bodies later he was brought in Court, but his guilt was never proved and today he walks free. However the film does not focus on the investigation, but rather provides a convincing (on screen) theory of the way things happen, of the motivation and reasons of the crimes. It’s a dark story about moral misery and personal crisis in a family of super-riches. The problem is that it’s hard to define and possibly the distributors had a hard time advertising the genre and the story of the film. Crime stories fans will find themselves watching for more than half of the screening time a family drama, romance (the film starts like kind of a ‘Love Story’) quickly turns into disarray and domestic violence, reality does not necessarily make into cinematographic truth.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7_VwoZKPRM

(video source VISO Trailers)

 

The best reasons to watch this film despite mixed reviews and not a very high mark on IMDb is however acting. Ryan Gosling can hardly do wrong on my taste, and here he is facing a complex role, in which he accompanies his deeply troubled hero from young age to late maturity, from the picks of the easy life of the New York socialites to the abyss of the life of a fugitive and transvestite. The even better news is that there is even better acting than Gosling’s in this film and I refer of course to Kirsten Dunst‘s role as the loving wife whose dream of marrying the nice and rich guy slowly descends into nightmare, and to the veteran Frank Langella who injects character and complexity in the role of the family father who is much more than a (anti)-moral symbol. At the end of the day and of the film the artistic truth of this story comes from a different place than the factual truth.

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moral ambiguilty (Film: The Bow, Kim Ki-duk, 2005)

‘The Bow’ comes in the work of prolific Kim Ki-duk immediately after a series of three wonderful films – ‘Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter … and Spring’, ‘Samaritan Girl’ and ‘3-Iron’ and a few year after his other masterpiece ‘The Isle’. I have somehow missed seeing it when it came out, or maybe it was not distributed in Israel. Now I caught up with the film on VoD and my impression is that it marks exactly the moment when the Korean director started a series of less successful experiments. Of course, one cannot expect even from a great director like Kim (and he is one of the best living creators in cinema) to produce only masterpieces. Hopefully he has in front of him many years of fine film making and we are here to enjoy his films.

 

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0456470/

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0456470/

 

Part of the problem with The Bow is that it repeats to some extent the format of the some of the previous successful films, taking a story of child-teenage initiation and mixing it with traditional (Buddhist I believe, but I am not very knowledgeable) concepts. So for viewers of some of his previous films, there is a strong and possibly intentional feeling of ‘deja-vu’, enhanced by the fact that as the story here happens in an isolated environment surrounded by water. The Old Man (Seong Hwan-jeon) is growing for the last ten years a Young Girl (beautiful Han Yeo-reum). They never speak. The only contact of the girl with the outer world is when visitors come for recreational fishing aboard, visitors from the outer world that she may even not remember. Some of them would like to abuse her but she and her protector know how to defend themselves with the help of the only weapon at hand, a traditional bow. Some other may come with better intents, as the young man who falls for the girl and tries to save and take her back to the world. But this is what she wants? This is certainly not what the old man wants, he plans to marry her when she reaches the age of 17.

 

(video source Ron2109)

 

There is a lot to think about and discuss around this story. Tradition faces modernity, is necessarily one better than the other? Does the girl really want to be saved? The old man may have saved an abandoned six years girl and grew her, but is he entitled to marry her and continue to control her life, to keep her isolated from the world? And is that world better than the smaller and innocent universe they were living in? His keeping the girl isolated may be judged by the world outside as kidnapping and abuse, is this the case? None of these questions have an unambiguous answer and this is not a problem, quite the contrary. Neither is acting (wonderful!) or the cinematography as good as you can expect in a film by Kim Ki-duk. The problem I have is with the final which I will not tell too many details about in order to avoid spoiling the pleasure of the viewing. There is a very strong metaphor here involving of course the bow, which produced me a shock and caused me an ambiguous feeling, not because of the visuals (I am used to much harsher things) but because of its moral meanings and the way it is directed and acted. For once I would have preferred a different way of ending. Kim Ki-duk decided differently.

 

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fragments of the endless performance of life (Film: Holy Motors – Leo Carax, 2012)

‘Holy Motors’ is a very unusual film and I am not surprised that some people had a hard time coping with its structure and apparent lack of story. It is much closer in some moments with a piece of video art, or better said a collection of pieces of video art, some of them beautifully filmed and directed. It also borrows a lot from the films built out of short stories with some connecting feature between them, in this case it’s Paris (the landscape of the City of Lights is present in many scenes but plays a major role only in one) and of course, the principal actor, the wonderful Denis Lavant. What is striking and different however is the fact that the connecting story has a logic of itself and the actor who is present in all pieces gets slowly a life of himself which becomes as the movie advances the connecting and convincing story. And then we have the quality of the short stories, some constricted to a few minutes of dialogs, but which are so well written that we know at the end more about the characters than after other full movies.

 

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2076220/

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2076220/

 

Monsieur Oscar (Lavant) is some kind of an actor who is driven in a luxury limousine by a stylish driver (Edith Scob) and who descends in different points of the city not only disguised, but actually to live fragments of other peoples lives – a beggar, a killer, a tramp kidnapping a model during a photography session, a father taking his daughter home from her first teenage party, a stuntman for action games graphics, etc. The convention is built in a wonderful manner by director Leos Carax and has more than one layer – we have a cinema hall where semi-frozen audiences watch old silent movies, we have the actor disguising, putting on and taking off masks, and we have the limousine which seems to play the role of the preparing cabin for the actors in the endless performance of life. We shall learn towards the end of the film that the limousine is only one instances of the many limousines who carry the many actors who play these performances.

 

(video source movieclipsTRAILERS)

 

But are they really only actors? Each of the acts seem to leave a mark on Monsieur Oscar, he is not only tired by a long day at work and by a schedule which is kept rigorously like the schedule of a busy businessman, he does eventually get a human dimension of his own. This beautiful film does not provide all the answers, but asks many questions which continue to accompany the viewers after its final scene.

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rewind on Star Trek (Film: Star Trek, J. J. Abrams – 2009)

As everybody is bracing for the second series of the new Star Trek series, I realized this is the right moment to see the first episode which somehow I missed a few years ago. I am a fan of the Star Trek TV series and movies, so there were little chances for me not to like this film. The passing of the torch from Gene Roddenberry who created the original series to J.J. Abrams makes a lot of sense to me, as I see in Abrams the successor of Roddenberry in creating science-fiction which keeps the right balance between science and fiction while adding human and in the best moments philosophical meanings to the action on screen, with an universal message that while the Universe may be infinite and the borders of knowledge just expect to be pushed further and further, the basic values that govern this Universe are the same, whatever form they wear.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt0796366/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt0796366/

 

The story in this first series of Star Trek is a prequel to where the original series started in the 60s. Same as George Lucas did with Star Wars, we are being brought to an earlier phase of the conflict between the Federation and the Romulans, and we get to know all the familiar characters of the original series at an earlier age. Rigorous science was never the strong point of Star Trek, one accepts the conventions in order to enjoy the show, so the space travel as well as hint of alternate universes Abrams likes is used here as well, and it’s not necessary to analyze it too closely to find some flaws. What counts is however the way the young actors build their characters and how they drive them towards becoming what we know that they will be in the series that began back in the 60s. The effects around are pretty standard for the space wars kind of movies, and the old tricks like the ‘transporter’ have kind of a ‘retro’ look. Here lies actually part of the charm of this film, and this balances to some extent the ‘teens on space ships’ moments, or even the ‘intergalactic sex’ scene (yes, there is one, not too explicit, do not worry).

 

(video source muiemanelistilor)

 

The presence of Leonard Nimoy as old Mr. Spock living thanks to some time travel tricks to meet his young self played by Zachary Quinto ensures continuity and connects well with the older TV series. Young captain Kirk is played by Chris Pine and I probably need to wait for the next series to see how he evolves into the character of Kirk as I remember him. A few good actors I know from TV series (Karl Urban, John Cho) add good supporting acting to the cast. Reasonable action combines well with nostalgia, but this combustible is already burnt out completely in the first episode. I hope that the coming series will find something new and interesting that speaks not only to the captive audiences like myself but also to the broader ones who were less exposed to large doses of the older Star Trek series and movies.

 

 

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somnul decentei naste monstri (Carte: Doina Rusti – Mamica la doua albastrele)

Felul in care este scrisa ‘Mamica la doua albastrele’ are multe elemente din romanele ‘de tensiune’. Aproape ca as putea spune ca aceasta carte a Doinei Rusti aparuta in colectia “Ego.Proza” a editurii Polirom, 2013 si-ar putea gasi locul si in rafturile dedicate genurilor ‘horror’. Elementele determinante ale persoanelor si date cheie despre trecutul lor ne sunt descoperite treptat, modul in care  sunt tranmise cititorilor face ca atitudinea acestora fata de personaje sa se schimbe pe masura ce avanseaza in lectura, si este comisa la un moment dat o crima al carei autor este dezvaluit doar in ultima pagina a cartii.  ‘Horror’-ul acestei carti este constituit insa dintr-o materie putin diferita de cea obisnuita a romanelor genului. El este mediul social corupt si vulgarizat al societatii romanesti din deceniile dinainte si de dupa 1989, degradarea relatiilor umane, pierderea valorilor si lipsa oricarei perspective reale de mai bine in viitor. Este somnul decentei care naste monstri.

Primele 10-15 din cele 80 de capitole scurte de 2-3 pagini care compun cartea introduc personajele principale, produse tipice ale clasei mijlocii bucurestene. None Bulgaru este operator de televiziune si traieste o viata tipic plafonata, cu ceva deasupra liniei de plutire, ca multi altii. Este casatorit cu Flori, asistenta medicala intr-un mare spital bucurestean, locuieste impreuna cu mama sa Geta care aflam ca i-a crescut pe None si pe Iuliana (sora plecata de multi ani la munca in Spania si stabilita acolo fara sanse de intoarcere) ca mama singura dupa ce familia fusese abandonata de tata pe la inceputul anilor 80. Perechea are o fetita in pragul intrarii la scoala primara despre care vom afla mai tarziu ca este adoptata, si care pare a fi tipul copilului alintat din cauza neglijentei parintilor prea ocupati cu ei insisi si a limitarii acestora. O domnisoara Goe cu telefon mobil, laptop si cont fictiv pe Facebook. Chiar si legatura extraconjugala cu cantareata Li Zeta pe care None o cunoaste in timpul filmarii unui interviu este coplesita de aceeasi mediocritate, este mai mult o incercare de evadare din propria plictiseala si limitare, esuata si in comunicare, si sentimental, si sexual.

 

sursa www.elefant.ro

sursa www.elefant.ro

 

Doina Rusti a dorit sa-si implanteze romanul in stricta actualitate si pentru a realiza acest efect a inserat la fiecare cateva capitole ale naratiunii care un episod care il descrie pe premierul Victor Ponta conversand internetic cu o sustinatoare anonima care semneaza ‘mamica la doua albastrele’ pe fundalul evenimentelor politice romanesti din a doua jumatate a anului 2012. Pentru mine aceasta gaselnita scriitoriceasca a functionat destul de bine, ea largind contextul actiunii si dand celor ce se intampla in carte si o tenta politica, dar pariul s-ar putea sa devina riscant pe termen lung, caci in cativa ani probabil ca putina lume isi va mai aminti despre evenimentele anului 2012 si desigur nu cu aceeasi acuitate.

Dezvoltarea actiunii si a personajelor rezerva destul de multe surprize cititorilor. Niciunul dintre eroi nu este exact ceea ce pare la inceputul cartii, si nici trecutul care se dezvaluie treptat nu numai cititorilor ci si personajului principal nu este cel care parea sa fie la prima relatare. Daca ar fi sa generalizam putin ‘Mamica la doua albastrele’ poate fi citita si ca povestea imploziei unei celule familiale care era construita pe aparente si lipsita de liantul emotional care sa o poata sa faca fata presiunilor unei lumi care din multe puncte de vedere a luat-o razna. Daca actiunea primei parti a cartii se desfasoara in mare parte in spatiul unui apartament de bloc bucurestean dintre cele mai banale, sfarsitul cartii nu ii va mai gasi pe niciunul dintre eroi in acelasi loc. Niciunul dintre eroii care supravietuiesc vreau sa zic …

 

sursa - Doina Rusti

sursa – Doina Rusti

 

Comunicarea internetica pare sa fi luat in mare masura locul comunicarii umane in lumea in care traiesc personajele cartii Doinei Rusti. Acestea isi petrec o mare parte a timpului butonand telefoane inteligente si laptopuri, iar sentimentele se exprima nu atat prin dialog cat prin SMS-uri sau postari pe Facebook si pe blogurile personale. Acest gen de comunicare este insotit de toate pericolele specifice mediei, de la mascaradele sau indrazneala extrema ascunse in spatele anonimitatii, trecand prin intelegerea gresita a mesajelor datorita distorsionarii cauzate de mesageria de text lipsita de limbajul insotitor al semnelor si gesturilor din comunicarea directa, si pana la accesul (interzis prin lege, dar cine controleaza …) al copiilor la continut indecent. Toate personajele sufera de pe urma acestei mis-comunicari internetice, de la prescolara Carina pana la  primul-ministru. Este una dintre primele carti din literatura romana in care pericolele comunicarii pe net sunt puse in evidenta in mod aproape explicit, si in mod sigur vor urma si altele.

Daca este un personaj putin neglijat in cartea Doinei Rusti el este cel al fetitei adoptate de cuplul None-Flori. Cred ca prima intrebare pe care i-as pune-o autoarei daca as avea sansa sa o intalnesc sau sa-i pun intrebari pentru un interviu ar fi ‘Ce credeti ca se va intampla cu Carina dupa sfarsitul acestei carti?’. Aproape ca intr-un film al lui Polanski fetita inocenta se dovedeste a fi aproape un monstru, dar cine este de vina pentru asta? Acesta ar putea fi subiectul unei viitoare carti a excelentei prozatoare.

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