Carte: Jens Christian Grondahl – Piazza Bucarest

Acum cateva zile m-am jucat cu posibilitatile de afisare a statusului pe Facebook si am descoperit capacitatea de a anunta omenirii ce carte citesc. La citirea mesajului meu despre lectura romanului ‘Piazza Bucarest’ al scriitorului danez Jens Christian Grindahl (aparut in seria Actual a colectiei ‘Biblioteca Polirom’, editura Polirom, 2013) am primit aproape instantaneu intrebarea ‘de ce?’ Chiar, de ce am ales sa citesc acum o carte a unui scriitor danez, prima pentru mine daca nu am uitat ceva, de la basmele lui Andersen incoace? Raspunsul este ca m-a interesat subiectul pentru ca este o carte scrisa de un ‘strain’ in care este vorba (si) despre Romania anilor 80 pe care am trait-o, Apoi m-am informat putin despre scriitor si am aflat ca este unul dintre scriitorii danezi cei mai apreciati, si cum nu citisem nimic scris de el pana acum am hotarit sa o citesc. Nu am gresit.

‘Piazza Bucarest’ descrie intalnirea a doua lumi prin intermediul a doua personaje principale care traiesc o relatie care incepe ca o aparenta casatorie de convenienta la sfarsitul anilor 80 care permite unei romance evadarea din Romania ‘Epocii de Aur’. Scott este american, tatal vitreg al povestitorului la persoana intai a cartii. Ajuns in prima tinerete in Europa sfarsitului anior 60, din nevinovata America a generatiei lui Bee Gees si Beach Boys, Scott devine aproape fara vointa sa dezertor, nedorind sa dea curs ordinului de incorporare pentru Vietnam care il urmareste departe de casa. O cunoaste, se casatoreste, si apoi se desparte de mama povestitorului, dar ramane legat tocmai de acesta printr-o legatura de prietenie care supravietuieste deceniilor si relatiilor diferite ale celor doi cu femeile din viata lor. Fotograf de meserie calatoreste in toata lumea, destinul aducandu-l in a doua parte a deceniului opt in Romania unde o cunoaste pe Elena. Frumoasa si inteligenta, aceasta pare una dintre multele romance care cautau disperat o iesire din viata amorfa si cenusie a deceniului final al dictaturii.

‘Era evident ca e indragostita, nu de el, cu toate ca se comporta ca atare, cu privirile ei pline de inteles si zambetul misterios. Ea era indragostita de ceasul lui si de tot ce credea si visa ea ca reprezinta el.’ (pag.43)

 

sursa www.hyperliteratura.ro

sursa www.hyperliteratura.ro

 

Vor trebui sa treaca cativa ani pana cand americanul rebel fata constrangerile societatii dar cu un temperament care il face sa fie condus si dominat in relatii, si fiul sau nascut in Damenarca cea toleranta incep sa inteleaga sau cred ca incep sa inteleaga ceva din personalitatea femeii care ii fascineaza la inceput doar prin tineretea si prezenta ei fizica, traumele si jocurile duble pe care aceasta a trebuit sa le accepte pentru a supravietui Romaniei, si motivele care au determinat-o sa incerce sa-si paraseasca tara cu orice pret.

‘Crescuse intr-o lume de neicredere si frica si simultan se adaptase si opusese rezistenta. Avea un loc de munca la Ministerul Turismului, se obisnuise sa fie urmarita de aproape de un agent de Securitate, si in acelasi timp isi dezvoltase propriul eu in cercul mason de germeni artistici care se ajutau unul pe celalalt pentru a-si face exilul interior sa semene cu o viata. Asta o despicase pe ea in doua, in cea adaptata si cea rezistenta, si viata dubla corodase legatura dintre eul ei si lume.’   (pag. 94)

Cele cateva zeci de pagini care descriu calatoria lui Scott in Romania, intalnirea cu Elena si cu anturajul prietenilor ei, atmosfera apasatoare a anilor de dictatura sunt dupa parerea mea cele mai reusite ale intregii carti. Nu stiu exact care i-au fost sursele de informare, daca Jens Christian Grondhal a vizitat Romania in acea perioada, sau daca a discutat indelung cu romani exilati sau romani care au trait in tara in acea perioada, dar tot ceea ce scrie este exact si autentic pana la cel mai mic detaliu, si scrierea arata un real talent in captarea pulsului epocii si a oamenilor sai. Cuvinte de lauda se cuvin adresate si traducerii semnate de Carmen Vioreanu. Paginile scrise de Grondhal si traduse de Vioreanu ar putea fi parte din orice carte buna a unui scriitor roman despre anii 80.

 

    sursa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Gr%C3%B8ndahl

sursa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Gr%C3%B8ndahl

 

Scena cheie a cartii este momentul in care Scott, Elena si povestitorul urmaresc impreuna pe ecranul televizorului procesul si executia lui Nicolae si Elena Ceausescu in noaptea de Craciun a anului 1989. Diferenta dintre doua lumi duce in acele momente la paroxism conflictul dintre atitudinile fata de viata ale celor nascuti de o parte si de cealalta a prapastiei care a divizat lumea in secolul trecut:

‘Ca american Scott nutrea un respect putin naiv fata de procesele de judecata si conventiile de drept nobile, cum ar fi, de exemplu, ca inculpatul are dreptul la un avocat, si nu s-a putut abtine sa isi spuna opinia ca poate a fost cam pripit, cam superficial, prea proaspat si informal, si ca ei ar fi putut la fel de bine sa-i fi adus pe Ceausescu si pe sotia lui deja impuscati la oficierea acestei parodii de proces. Elena a explodat. Ce isi inchipuia el? El nu stia ce aveau pe constiinta Ceausescu si sotia sa, asta in cazul in care ei aveau o constiinta? Nu meritau ceva mai bun si era foarte bine ca fusese un proces scurt. In timp ce ea il critica de mama focului pe Scott, eu stateam si ma gandeam la devotamentul ei aproape religios fata de Goethe, Shakespeare si Dante. Nu gaseam nicio potrivire intre acesta si bucuria ei sincera la vederea chipului murdar de noroi la cateva secunde dupa ce fusese executat. Istoria, ma gandeam eu, istoria ne impiedica pe mine si pe Scott sa o intelegem pe Elena, dar tot ea era cea care o impiedica pe Elena sa vada ca vampirul si calaul patriei sale era un om ca ea si ca noi. … Scott statea paralizat in timp ce Elena ii dadea niste lectii furioase despre cat de deplasata era ingrijorarea lui legata de faptul ca nu s-a urmat litera legii cand cuplul Ceausescu si-a primit pedeapsa istoriei. El nu era obisnuit sa fie certat, de fapt nu cred ca fusese vreodata in viata lui mustrat. … Elena tuna si fulgera … Ea era o victima si la fel erau toti ceilalti romani care se tarasera printr-o existenta plina de frica si resemnare sub jugul comunismului. Fusesera victimele unei crude nedreptati istorice si era just ca tiranul sa-si sfarseasca zilele cu mutra in noroi.’  (pag. 88-90)

Acest episod marcheaza inceputul celei de-a doua parti a cartii, care in unele momente pare a apartine genului detectiv atat de indragit de scriitorii scandinavi si cititorii lumii in ultimele decenii. Ce este insa literatura de calitate altceva decat o investigatie detectivista chiar daca nu sunt prezente in actiune cadavre, ca in acest caz, dar ni se dezvaluie treptat trecutul si viata unei femei care la 38 de ani a apucat sa schimbe tari si lumi, sa intretina relatii cu barbati care si-au inchipuit ca o folosesc si de care uneori nu a putut scapa decat plecand, o viata formata dintr-un sirag de disparitii si care ascunde puncte de plecare chiar mai sordide decat isi poate imagina initial cititorul? Personajul Elenei construit din marturii si reconstituiri, din povestile ei si ale barbatilor din viata ei, fiecare aducandu-si frantura de imagine, nu intotdeauna clara, nu intotdeauna adevarata este unul dintre personajele feminine evazive si tragice care ramane in memoria cititorilor. Cele doua parti ale acestei carti de dimensiuni nu prea mari compun un asamblu interesant si propun un scriitor ale carui alte carti nu le voi evita.

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‘my sweet OS’ (Film: Her – Joaquin Phoenix, Scarlett Johansson, 2013)

I have no luck this year with the films that are favorites in the race for the Academy Awards. Or maybe they do not do well with me. I liked almost none of the ones I’ve seen so far and I found myself disagreeing pretty much with the audiences and the critics. That was the case with ‘ Gravity ‘  with Tom Hanks and Sandra Bullock, so it is with ‘Her’ made by Spike Jonze, a director of ambitious projects and always interesting to watch . From this point of view I appreciated the movie, I like movies that try to send a message and say things in a different way. Jonze managed to do this with ‘Being John Malkovich’ in 1999, failed with ‘Adaptation’ in 2002, and fails here again IMO, although as I said others differ. At least he does not fail for not trying.

The story takes place in Los Angeles sometime in the not too distant future. It could be 2025 , could be 2030 out there. If more films that anticipated future we deal with image pre- or post- apocalyptic future , in ‘Her’ all social and political conflicts seem to be resolved, and everything is clean and polished . This image of ‘the future if things turn well’ is filmed on location in LA and Shanghai with computer enhancements. It is significant that in order to create the ‘realistic’ Los Angeles future landscape the filmmakers filmed some of the scenes in the Shanghai of today today! Only a semi – permanent haze seems to indicate that not all environmental problems have been solved properly, although the air conditioning seems to work perfectly all the time.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1798709/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1798709/

 

As social conflicts were resolved people seem to have enough time to take care of themselves. The film heroes are not significantly different than the New York yuppies of our time – they are prone to introspection and melodrama , and feel miserable and self- compassionate in breakups . The main character of the film named Theodore (played by the wonderful Joaquin Phoenix holds a job of the future – composing handwritten love letters, of course with the help of computers. Each of the characters , each of the figures that appear on the screen even for a fraction of a second holds in its hand, pocket, or ear the devices which connect them to applications and operating systems . It is a world in which the descendants of the iPhones and the natural extensions of Facebook have become the physical and intellectual extensions of humans.

But what about human feelings?

The main plot of the film begins to unfold when Theodore buys a new operating system for his computers and appliances. Simply called OS / 1 it has not only a phenomenal capacity calculation and a female voice belonging to no other than Scarlett Johansson , It is actually a She. She also has the capability to self-learn, to continuously improve her know-how and make the best decisions for the good of its users.

When Joaquin Phoenix and Scarlett Johansson are together on screen even if she is only present with her voice, when he is struggling with loneliness in the final stages of a divorce , and she in turn is un-experienced in the facts of life, but willing and able to learn more and do everything for him, Hollywood logic requires them to fall in love , and it does not matter that she is nothing but a sublime collection of algorithms – she acquires the ability to feel and to love. Love is beyond physical connection , that much we know. What the film tries to say is that no matter what we are, no matter how and where we are, as long as there is a feeling there can be love.

 

(video source Warner Bros. Pictures)

 

I will let you discover how the story ends after watching the movie. Many of the film’s fans were convinced. Some other like me less. A few left the hall before getting to see half of it . One of the difficulties viewing is related to accepting the film convention. Computers have a soul? It’s a question that was already asked by science-fiction writers since Isaac Asimov, or by Kubrik in ‘2001 – A Space Odyssey ‘ one of the masterpieces of the genre. Who does not accept the existence of the soul and love beyond strictly human context will have a problem with watching this film which takes the premise very seriously. Otherwise, for these who have a hard time accepting the convention, about half of the film may seem ridiculous, because it is composed of dialogues between Theodore and Samantha (yes, that’s her name on the incarnation of OS / 1 ), that is of Phoenix and a voice from the off. Remember how you find those who spoke on the speaker phones in cars stopped at traffic lights until you are used to the fact that it is not a crazy person talking to himself in the car ?

It is not with the convention that I had trouble watching this movie but with simplistic sentimentality of the plot . What we really have here? A lonely man meets a smart girl , beautiful , and yet inexperienced in life. Together learn to know one another , she learns to express her feelings, she discover him and she understand him, she learns to love and to make love. But there many reasons that men do not understand because of which she cannot only be his. After I accepted effects and was able to disregard them (that is what the director wanted me as a spectator!) I was left with an ordinary and melodramatic romance. And the fact that I know something about the technology behind the film did not help at all in making more interesting. On the contrary .

The basic premise of the film that thinking machines would be capable of feelings, through a simple extension of artificial intelligence algorithms is in my opinion flown. Feelings are not just an extension of human logic, and love can not get perfecting algorithms, adding memory, and increasing speed Internet access.

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Carte: Dorin-Liviu Bitfoi – Asa s-a nascut omul nou. In Romania anilor ’50

Cartea lui Dorin-Liviu Bitfoi ‘Asa s-a nascut omul nou – In Romania anilor ’50’ (Editura compania, 2012) vine sa ocupe un loc important intr-un spatiu neasteptat de rarefiat – cel al cartilor care se ocupa de istoria Romaniei in primul deceniu al celei de-a doua jumatati a secolului trecut. Prin anii 70 acest deceniu capatase in lumea literara calificativul de ‘obsedant’. Obsedant pentru ca in conditiile politice ale venirii la putere a Partidului Comunist fusese complet imposibila reflectarea realitatii in arta epocii, numita ‘realist-socialista’ dar in fapt fantastic-propagandistica. Obsedant pentru ca multe dintre realitatile anilor ’50 se prelungeau in viata anilor ’70. De fapt, daca in literatura vremii a existat un moment de relaxare ideologica care a permis aparitia cartilor unor Ivasiuc, Breban, Goma in mult mai controlata si complet politizata istoriografie nu a aparut nimic semnificativ pana la re-inghetul declansat de Tezele din Iulie 1971 care au readus Romania la un stadiu mult mai asemanator anilor ’50 din multe puncte de vedere. Una dintre impresiile personale cele mai puternice lasate de aceasta carte este legata de faptul ca am recunoscut in multe dintre paginile si capitolele sale descrieri caracteristice nu numai Romaniei anilor ’50 si si celei a anilor ’70 si ’80 pe care i-am cunoscut si trait din plin: supravegherea permanenta, ideologizarea creatiei artistice si a presei, ineficienta economica, muncile voluntare, si mai ales minciuna ‘democratiei populare’ si a ‘socialismului’ care incerca sa poleieasca realitatea acapararii puterii de un grup de parveniti si incopententi care pastrau puterea prin demagogie si teroare, ignorand complet interesele populatiei si drepturile umane fundamentale. Dupa 1990 istoriografia romaneasca s-a ocupat cu predilectie de perioada sfertului de veac in care Romania a fost condusa de Ceausescu si de clanul sau, si numarul cartilor dedicate primei perioade a dictaturii comuniste este cu mult mai redus. Practic, cu exceptia cartilor lui Tismaneanu, acest volum al lui Dorin-Liviu Bitfoi este prima incercare consistenta si documentata de a scrie istoria deceniului obsedant. O incercare reusita.

Titlul cartii este oarecum modest in raport cu continutul ei, care poate fi descris in cateva cuvinte ca fiind cea mai completa reconstituire a realitatilor romanesti ale epocii aparuta pana acum. Pe de alta parte insa el reflecta atentia permanenta pe care autorul a acordat-o vietilor cetatenilor de rand ai Romaniei din acea perioada ca si a impactului de durata al terorii comuniste nu numai asupra generatiilor care au indurat-o ci si pentru generatiile care au urmat. ‘Omul nou’, adica omul care traieste permanent in foame si si miniciuna, care se teme de a nu fi victima delatiunii si pentru a se proteja devine de multe ori el insusi delator nu a fost creat de Ceausescu. Ceausescu insusi a fost intr-o mare masura un produs al anilor ’50 si un continuator al politicilor acelor ani. Romania ocupata si umilita de dupa razboi a iesit din matca normalitatii istorice.

Nu sunt putini cei care identifica in liniile de forta ale prezentului nostru traumele venite din matricea anilor ’50 – acest “miez radioactiv” al comunismului romaanesc. Ar fi fost oare posibil ca din ultragiul de un asemenea calibru la normalitate, la umanitate, la morala sa nu se iveasca o specie “noua”? Ar putea fi acest “om nou” reversibil?’   (pag. 10)

Deceniul anilor ’50 este descris in volum in doua ‘carti’ despre ale caror structura voi discuta imediat. Ele sunt precedate de un prolog (anii 44-49) si un epilog (anii 61-65). Notele bibliografice ocupa peste 100 de pagini la sfarsitul volumului si sunt extrem de necesare pentru a repera sursele informatiei de dimensiuni enciclopedice cuprinse in cele peste 500 de pagini de text de format destul de mare. Urmeaza o utila cronologie istorica (care repeta insa informatii cuprinse in carte, deci este redondanta pentru cititorii intregului volum, si o bibliografie grupata in sectiuni dedicate cartilor, periodicelor, surselor internetice, filmelor.

 

 

sursa www.centralapsi.ro

sursa www.centralapsi.ro

 

Prologul intitulat ‘Asa incepe lumea noua (anul 1950)’ acopera in realitate o perioada ceva mai extinsa – cea a celor cativa ani postbelici care au reprezentat alunecarea de la o sovaielnica revenire la democratie dupa dictaturile precedente si perioada razboiului, spre dictatura comunista. Sunt descrise inchiderea frontierelor, lichidarea partidelor democrate ‘istorice’, destramarea institutiilor statului de drept, acapararea puterii politice si a conducerii armatei, epurarea acestor institutii de elementele ‘reactionare’ adica neaservite noului regim, si primele campanii ale noii politici externe romanesti – cea indreptata contra Iugoslaviei lui Tito si campania ‘pentru pace’ – prima dintr-un sir de campanii de diversiune ideologica care vor fi reluate si de Ceausescu.

Prima ‘carte’ dedicata anilor 50 este impartita in sapte parti, descriind aspecte diferite ale vietii Romaniei din acea perioada. ‘Legalitatea populara’ descrie aservirea justitiei scopurilor noului regim, teroarea instaurata de Securitate in randurile populatiei si cumplitul sistem penitenciar in care Romania acelor ani a excelat prin inventivitatea si cruzimea cu care comunistii si-au pedepsit dusmanii de clasa in actiuni ca ‘exprimentul Pitesti’, inchisori ca Aiud sau Gherla, sau lagare de munca cum au fost cele de la Canal. A doua parte se ocupa de ‘Transformarea socialista a agriculturii’ si in special de colectivizarea fortata insotita si ea de represiuni si suferinte in special in randul taranilor mai instariti si a celor care refuzau sa se incadreze in Gospodarile Colective. ‘Economie planificata’ este capitolul in care aflam despre dezastrul economic in care a fost adusa tara dupa nationalizari si introducerea metodelor sovietice in industrie, inclusiv a planificarii centralizate a economiei aflate in mana unor impostori incompetenti. Partea a patra ‘Pe frontul ideologic’ este dintre cele mai cuprinzatoare incluzand detalii despre sovietizarea culturii in primii ani ai deceniului, aservirea presei, coruperea limbii, activitatea cenzurii si inlocuirea calendarului traditional cu noile sarbatori comuniste. ‘Realismul socialist’ descrie aservirea literaturii (initial tot dupa model sovietic), evolutia unora dintre scriitorii si artistii cunoscuti sub noul regim, precum si fenomenele caracteristice celorlalte arte (teatrul, cinematografia, artele plastice). Evolutiei invatamantului ii este dedicat capitolul al saselea ‘Educarea omului nou’ in timp ce capitolul sapte ‘Viata oamenilor muncii’ are in centru problema nivelului de trai (lipsurile in aprovizionare in toate domeniile, cozile) in contrast cu viata micii paturi privilegiate ajunse la conducerea tarii.

Cartea a doua priveste deceniul dintr-o perspectiva diferita – una cronologica. Este impartita in trei sectiuni, forcare ocupand cam o treime din anii 50. In prima este reluata perioada inceputului anilor 50 dar apar acum mult mai bine conturate portretele conducatorilor Romaniei din acea vreme si in special cel al lui Gheorghiu-Dej si sunt descrise luptele interne intre cei aflati la conducerea partidului si a tarii si felul in care vicleanul dictator comunist a reusit sa-si infranga toti adversarii, pe unii trimitandu-i la inchisoare sau chiar la moarte in urma unor procese inscenate folosind aceleasi metode ale Securitatii utilizate inainte impotriva ‘dusmanilor de clasa’. O parte semnificativa este dedicata Festivalului Tineretului organizat la Bucuresti in 1953, moment de relativa relaxare si deschidere prin participarea unor delegati straini, dar care a costat tara si pe romani multe luni de privatiuni pentru a da lumii ‘din afara’ o impresie de relativa bunastare si normalitate. Capitolul care se ocupa de anii de la mijlocul deceniului are in centrul sau anul 1956 cu revolta anti-comunista maghiara care a insemnat o scurta perioada de speranta si solidaritate, repede reprimata, in asa fel incat capitolul final descrie din multe puncte de vedere o reintoarcere la anii cei mai grei ai dicaturii, cu demascari si procese publice, cu arestari abuzive si reincarcerarea celor eliberati in scurta perioada de ‘dezghet’ de dupa citirea raportului lui Hrusciov la Congresul al XX-lea al PCUS.

Epilogul volumului se ocupa de perioada finala a dictaturii lui Gheorghiu-Dej, acum consolidata si fara niciun fel de competie interna. Romania se redreseaza oarecum economic, apar semne de destindere in special ca urmare a re-orientarii partiale a politicii externe fata de occident cauzata de distantarea fata de o Uniune Sovietica care incercase sa preia prin intermediul CAER-ului controlul asupra planificiarii economice. Acum sunt puse bazele liniei national-comuniste care va fi continuata si extinsa de Nicolae Ceausescu, care preia puterea in martie 1965, la moartea lui Gheorghiu-Dej.

 

sursa www.compania.ro

sursa www.compania.ro

 

In pofida dimensiunilor cartea se citeste cu sufletul la gura. Aproape ca as folosi cliseul ‘ca un roman politist’ daca nu as fi citit destule romane politiste care nu m-au captivat in aceeasi masura. Dorin-Liviu Bitfoi foloseste o tehnica a colajului care preia informatii din presa vremii sau din volumele de memorii (cu sursele indicate in permanenta, la fiecare subcapitol si uneori la fiecare paragraf prin trimiteri la bibliografie dar fara insertii de subsol). Cateodata limba de lemn a documentelor si a presei vremii vorbeste de la sine, alteori sunt necesare clarificari, majoritatea scrise la timpul prezent ceea ce intareste senzatia de participare a cititorilor. O singura data este intrerupta naratiunea pentru un scurt capitol personal (pag. 461) care relateaza stramutarea de la sat la oras a tatalui scriitorului, ceea ce ne reaminteste ca daca nu noi, parintii nostri au fost printre ‘actorii’ istoriei care este desfasurata in fata ochilor nostri. Desi cartea este extrem de bine informata si exacta in masura in care am putut eu sa imi dau seama, pozitia autorului nu este cea a unui istoric obiectiv cu tot dinadinsul. O marturiseste si ironia unora dintre titlurile capitolelor: ‘Aflam din ziare ca suntem fericiti’ sau ‘Somnul popular-democratic’.

Lipseste ceva din carte? Exista cateva aspecte care sunt amintite doar in treacat sau lipsesc cu desavarsire. De exemplu repatrierea prizonierilor romani din Uniunea Sovietica, relatiile cu minoritatea maghiara sau soarta in prizonierat si intoarcerea deportatilor germani nu sunt amintite de loc. Emigrarea evreilor este amintita in prolog dar nu si in textul cartii, si nici inceputul procesului de vanzare a acestora descris in cartea lui Radu Ioanid ‘Ransom of the Jews’ ca avandu-si originea tot in anii ’50. Este mentionata in treacat eliberarea unora dintre detinutii din procesele sionistilor dar nu exista nicio ralatare a acestor procese. Cateva dintre personalitatile istorice sunt descrise incomplet. Sunt de exemplu trei (cel putin) referinte la Rady Gyr ca la ‘intemnitatul mai multor dictaturi’ (de exemplu la pag. 400) dar nicio referinta la faptul ca a fost si poetul oficial al uneia si poate cea mai cruda din istoria Romaniei – dictatura legionara. Este descrisa in mod emotionant iesirea din inchisoare a lui Horia Cosmovici (pag. 399) pe baza insemnarilor din jurnalul sotiei sale, dar nu exista nicio mentiune despre cine a fost acest personaj destul de putin cunoscut (avocatul lui Zelea Codreanu si subsecretar de stat in timpul guvernarii legionare). Este folosita expresia ‘decimarea elitelor romanesti’ – dar ceea ce s-a petrecut cu elitele Romaniei pre-comuniste a fost mult mai rau decat o decimare – a fost o lichidare fizica si spirituala de proportii mult mai mari care a schimbat cursul istoriei.

M-am nascut si eu in Romania  deceniului care este subiectul acestei carti. Copil fiind am putine amintiri din acea perioada pe care o cunosc din relatarile directe dar si din traumele pe care le-am simtit mai tarziu si pe care le reconstitui azi in amintirile mele despre parintii mei pentru care anii ’50 ar fi trebuit sa fie anii cei mai frumosi si mai productivi ai vietii dupa ce supravietuisera perioadei Holocaustului. In locul unei tinereti normale ei au trait aceasta perioada de lipsuri, de frica, de minciuna. Intr-un fel cartea lui Dorin-Liviu Bitfoi m-a ajutat sa-i inteleg si pe ei mai bine, poate chiar sa ma inteleg mai bine pe mine insumi.

Recomand tuturor citirea acestei carti, cea mai completa si mai detaliata despre acea perioada aparuta pana acum in Romania. Sper ca vor urma si alte editii, poate cu ilustratii. Aceasta prima editie a cartii se bazeaza numai pe text, si textul este puternic, documentat, sugestiv in cea mai mare parte – dar adaugand ilustratii, corectand unele erori si adaugand unele amanunte, si poate re-editiand in doua volume mai lesne de tinut in mana la lectura va rezulta una dintre cartile de referinta ale istoriografiei romanesti, si o carte de succes la publicul interesat de istoria recenta a Romaniei.

 

 

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between duty and love (Film: Lemale et ha’halal / Filling the void – Rama Burshtein, 2012)

Rama Burshtein‘s first feature film Lemale et ha’halal / Filling the Void was awarded the prize for the best Israeli movie in 2012 and yet, it belongs to a genre which is quite unique in the landscape of the Israeli cinema. Films about the life of the ultra-Orthodox community are made in the low numbers and I can remember only one such significant film of this kind, (the slightly better) Ha-Ushpizin. Paradoxically, Filling the Void was to some extent a reaction of the director to Gidi Dar and Shuli Rand‘s film, which she did not appreciate as authentic enough and respectful enough towards the ultra-Orthodox (‘haredi’) community (I did not have any such feeling when I saw their film). It took many years to the director (an ultra-Orthodox herself, quite a unique status in her community) and the effort deserves a lot of respect, and so does the resulting film as well.

 

MV5BNzQ3ODMyMjA1MV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwMTIzMzEzOQ@@._V1_SX214_

 

Let us try to make abstraction of the location (the small haredi community in the most secular city of Tel Aviv) and look at this film as to any other ‘ethnic’ movie. The story talks about the dilemma of a beautiful young girl who reached the age of marriage. In her community marriage is always arranged and blessed by the parents. There is a slight room for decision for the young woman who can meet the candidates and refuse the match if she does not like them. Not much more than this however. And there are more rules. As her elder sister dies at birth-giving, her mother takes the new born in her care, but the best interest of the family and the community is that the girl would marry the widower. The balance between duty and love can tear the soul of any young woman, but especially the one of a girl living in a community in which women’s principal destiny is marriage, and where the choice happens only once in one’s life. Eventually things arrange, as the widower is also the most handsome and most sensitive male around and because all decisions (important or small details of life) reach eventually the wise rabbi who plays the role of the ‘deus ex machina’ in the Hollywood scripts. (how appropriate this Latin expression is here).

 

(video source Mostra SP)

 

The script is far from perfect from an intrigue point of view, and there are more flaws to come. Unless the script written by Rama Burshtein for director Rama Burshtein was fully respectful to the the norms of the community she lives in she would never make the film. So there is no explicit critic or social comment whatsoever in this film, and this may make the blood boil to many feminist and not-so-feminist but secular viewers. The handling of money as a way to solve problems during the audiences at the rabbi may be considered kind of a satire, until you know that this is actually the way a Purim custom is enacted at the rabbinical courts. The lack of social comment is replaced by a painful attention to the details of the rituals and life of the community and the individuals living within. Rama Burshtein succeeds to create many charming moments of true cinema, either by unusual camera angles (the scene of the circumcision), by elaborate costumes and authentic setting, or by directing a team of actors, many of them non-religious (like Hadas Yaron and Yftach Klein in the lead roles) into the details not only of the tradition that the characters represent and of the emotions that they feel.

There is a lot of curiosity and openness from the non-religious or not-so-religious sectors of the Israeli society towards the lives and feelings of the ultra-Orthodox community and this is reflected also by the success of this film. Rama Burshtein is a talented film maker but taking into consideration her community and style of life I wonder if there will be a second film at this level of achievement – because despite its flaws ‘Fill the Void’ is an achievement in its own way.

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surprising and disturbing crime thriller (Film: Mr. Brooks – Kevin Costner, William Hurt, Demi Moore, 2007)

‘Mr. Brooks’ is a curious combination. The casting succeeds to bring together on screen a few big stars just a fraction of second after the peaks of their careers (5 or 10 years before 2007 this film would probably have been to expensive to make because of the salaries of the actors). Set in the very urban landscape of Portland, it has a very ‘big studios’ look which combined with a story that seems to walk dangerously on the edge of melodrama made me think for a while that this will not be the last-viewed-in-2013 film I asked for. However, some place in the middle of the film the several rather conventional parallel threads start making sense and enhance the effect of each other. This seems to be the merit of director Bruce A. Evans  who is also the co-writer of the script which seems to have been long in cooking and not easily accepted by the studios. For some good reasons from their point of view, which may be part of the reasons I liked it.

 

www.imdb.com/title/tt0780571/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt0780571/

 

The story: Successful businessman Mr. Brooks (Kevin Costner) has it all (prosperous business, beautiful wife, loving daughter in college, the villa of anybody’s dreams) but also a double life. He kills at night, he is actually a serial killer who murders because of an addiction, and does it in the same quite, smart and organized manner he is running his business and his whole life which allows him to never get caught. He would quit killing but his dark side alter-ego would not let him (William Hurt), he is even some kind of Catholic praying to avoid sin all over the film. When he eventually makes one mistake the police-woman in charge with his case (Demi Moore) gets dangerously close, and a young pervert who photographed his last murder blackmails him into becoming his partner. Things get even more complicated, as the police-woman is entangled in an ugly divorce, and Brook’s daughter is in deep trouble having inherited some of her dad’s night habits. Will he be able to solve all these? Will he use the big talent we all know he has – being a serial killer?

 

(video source Movieclips Classic Trailers)

 

I will not tell more because there is much to enjoy in this film and I would not like to discourage folks who happen to read this. I will just say that not only things come together surprisingly well from a story line point of view and the whole is much better than the parts, but that we also end as viewers by understanding the actions of the hero and to some extent sympathize with him (although in real life we would not have any reasons to do it). Kevin Costner’s acting is certainly part of the reason, and having him paired with William Hurt creates a couple with a formidable magnetism. Demi Moore also makes best of a role which is usually schematic in many movies but proves here to be more complex than expected. The telling of a disturbing story in a fluent and intelligent manner combined with the mid-high class setting makes for highly efficient cinema. It’s like when you taste a meal and it is spicy and surprising although you know it was prepared from many banal ingredients you can find in any supermarket. Bruce A. Evans is very scarce in his directing experiences. This film made in 2007 is actually only his second film, the first one was made in 1992! I really hope that we’ll not have to wait another 15 years to elapse until his next.

 

 

 

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not a high mountain (Film: Olympus Has Fallen – Antoine Fuqua, 2013)

Gods do not seem to aim too high nowadays, not in the cinema industry anyway. Olympus Has Fallen is one of the relatively successful action movies of 2013. Audiences did not rush in masses but did not avoid it either, critics were not enthusiastic but did not ‘destroy’ it, and it paid back the production costs even before the release of the DVDs and TV runs.  So its a good study case about what I do not like in Hollywood action movies 🙂

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt2302755/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt2302755/

 

So, the (American) nation is again under attack in ‘Olympus …’. North Korean are the hard-to-dispute nowadays bad guys, and we know how bad they are from the news, and this film will not tell us more about why they are bad than the news. This time they take the White House which seems to have achieved in the last few years the status of one of the most blown-up buildings in the world (in movies). In the semi-ruins of the White House a semi-renegaded secret agent fights empty-handed to bring back the Universe in balance.  He will succeed. The only surprising thing is that his name is not Jack Bauer.

 

(video source JoBlo.com)

 

Morgan Freeman seems quite embarrassed to be involved with this film, as the acting President at times of trouble. The rest of the acting stuff (including Gerald Butler and Aaron Eckhart) does the decent job they are paid for, but cannot go much higher or deeper than TV series acting. The dialog does not help them too much, and I especially disliked the naturalistic reaction that the leaders of the nation are shown to take when facing physical danger. Cursing is not the best manner of showing dignity in my opinion. Director Anoine Fuqua is actually doing well his job of bringing action to screen, but with the script at hand he cannot make of ‘Olympus …’ more than a rough action movie in which the events happen to take place in the White House.

 

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the giant of the drummers (documentary: Beware of Mr. Baker, 2012)

Ginger Baker is not only one of the greatest drummers ever but also a character who waits for a movie to be made about him. One day maybe a fiction movie will be made, until them we have ‘Beware of Mr. Baker’ – the documentary made by Jay Bulger. Rock documentaries are now quite ‘en vogue’ and there is a good reason for this. The big rock stars of the 60s and 70s, well, the ones who survived are now at the age of writing or telling on screen their memories. The younger generations may have heard little about ‘Cream’ or ‘Blind Faith’ but they do have an opportunity not only to watch part of their concerts (luckily filmed concerts technology developed just in time to catch much of their sounds, moves and the atmosphere of their live shows) but also to hear fist hand their version of the history of rock. And fans like me are definitely delighted.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1931388/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1931388/

 

‘Beware of Mr. Baker’ is centered around the interview reluctantly given by Baker at his ranch in South-Africa. He is one of those anti-social partners of discussion that you sometimes pity the interviewers about. He certainly loves to complain about his family, other musicians, life and fate in general – one of these guys who seem to love themselves much less than the world lives and admires them. We learn much more about his life from interviews with members of his family (his first wife seems still to have a crush on him, his son’s best memory is having made music with his father) and with other musicians. It’s the story of a life  damaged by drugs abuse and a pattern of behavior that preempted Baker from establishing good working relations with any of his colleague musicians and eventually led to the early breaking of all bands he played in. Yet, it is also doubtful if in the absence of this temper and even of the use of drugs his music would have been the same. And music is what is left at the end from such personalities. Great music in the case of Mr. Baker.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hftgytmgQgE

(video source Beat Club)

 

Cream – the gathering of Eric Clapton, Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker was a stellar event. In my view it simply gave another dimension to rock, developing progressive rock and setting the stage for hard rock and metal (in the documentary Ginger Baker strongly disagrees, of course). It is hard to believe that they played together for only two years (1966-1968). It is said that when Hendrix came to London the only musicians he asked to play with were Cream, I do not know if this ever happened.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tAE2K3YT_A

(video source Tony Palmer Films)

 

However, the disagreements between Baker and Bruce were so violent that they led to the end of Cream, fortunately not before a farewell concert at Albert Hall.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfAHsiTHWfQ

(video source Catarina Troiano)

 

Next step was for Baker and Clapton Blind Faith where they joined forces with Steve Winwood and Rick Grech. This super-group did not last more than two years either, but they also left one concert of legend in Hyde Park.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP5BQ5Kvsv8

(video source Frank Westwood)

 

His own group Air Force formed in 1970 did not last more than one year. A great solo in this recording – one of Ginger’s many great solos.

 

(video source zoocat)

 

Ginger Baker spent the next six years (until 1976) in Africa. Here is is 1971 jamming with Nigerian afro-jazz musicians in Lagos, Nigeria.

 

(video source Delicious Vinyl)

 

At the beginning of the 90s Baker played with Masters of Reality.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OcOTzVARDA

(video source Luiz Claudio Ferro)

 

Baker and Bruce were back on stage together in 1993 with Gary Moore in BBM

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEpMLiqzZd8

(video source alexsh)

 

The Ginger Baker Trio was also short-lived (1994-1995) but we are left with this recording of a concert in Germany.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIKfECOE7GI

(video source MegaGuitarGods)

 

2005 was the year of the Cream reunion on the stage at Royal Albert Hall.

 

(video source Michael Hirsch)

 

Is the trip over? Not yet! After being filmed and interviewed for the documentary Ginger Baker was on stage in 2013 with Ginger Baker Jazz Confusion, a quartet comprising Baker, saxophonist Pee Wee Ellis, bassist Alec Dankworth and percussionist Abass Dodoo.

We may still hear from the giant of the drummers.

 

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much more than an action thriller with pirates (Film: Captain Phillips – Tom Hanks, 2013)

There are a few good reasons for me not to like Captain Phillips.  I am not a big fan of ‘stories inspired by real events’, especially when they try to follow closely the ‘real events’. This film is based on real events, was made only a few years after the events occurred, and according to many accounts is quite accurate in following the real story. Yet the story does not get lost at any moment and tells much more that a docu-drama. It is a real strong drama by itself. I also dislike stories where unarmed and empty-handed heroes succeed to subdue armed and superior forces. There is no such thing here, the fight that is taking place (and there is a hell of a fight) is much more about psychology and about the power of will and spirit than the power of muscles and arms. Here is an American anti-hero rather than an American hero who survives and overcomes because of his anti-hero forces.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1535109/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1535109/

 

I did learn a few things about modern piracy that I did not know. Commercial ships – it appears – are not carrying arms and their crews look more like a gang of corporate technicians (they even are organized in unions), even when they sail oceans infested by pirates. This makes the boarding of a huge American commercial ship by four machine guns armed Somali fishermen turned into pirates and the subduing of the American crew of 20 possible (I avoid using ‘credible because’ it really happened). The resulting confrontation which becomes a thriller at sea makes Captain Phillips a well paced and smartly filmed action movie, and the suspense is in the air all the time. Even as we know how it ends we are curious to understand how director Paul Greengrass (who directed both the real facts inspired United 93 as well as part of the fiction Bourne films) will lead us to that end.

 

(video source JoBlo.com)

 

One of the reasons of the success is no doubt named Tom Hanks. He can do no wrong and we all know it. He does even more here. If there was no concept of super-anti-hero before he just invented it. There is much more in his facing of his captors and the dialog with their leader who is so well acted by Barkhad Abdi that I had to go to Wikipedia to make sure that he is indeed a professional actor and not a fisherman from the coast of Somalia, maybe even one turned pirate. What we have here is a reflection about power. Who has the power? the guy with the gun? the guy with the bigger boat? What are the limits of having at hand the best technology and the best army, being able to launch satellites, send helicopters and deploy the best armed forces – does this ensure the safety of your (our!) mode of life? Great questions, and there are no definite answers in this piece of real history brought to screen, but the film has the huge merit of asking them.

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un Craciun de groaza (Film: Black Christmas – Bob Clark, 1974)

Iata un film care nu este prezentat de obicei in programele de Craciun ale televiziunilor, cel putin nu in orele de zi in perioada de sarbatoare  desi actiunea sa se petrece in preajma Craciunului si avem chiar si o scena cu un cor de copii cantand un colind. Filmat in 1974 in Canada (din motive de impozite), Black Christmas este o combinatie intre filmele de sezon (sau cu pretext de sezon) si genul ‘horror’, si mai precis un precedesor sau unul dintre primele filme ale sub-genului ‘slash’  care descrie actiunile unui ucigas serial care macelareste de-a lungul filmului un numar crescand de victime si transforma treptat viata linistita a unei comunitati (de obicei intr-un spatiu inchis) intr-un infern.

 

sursa www.imdb.com/title/tt0071222/

sursa www.imdb.com/title/tt0071222/

 

Regizorul filmului este Bob Clark, un autor aflat in anul realizarii filmului la inceputul unei cariere care avea sa mai includa inca cateva succese ale genului, inclusiv un al doilea film (A Christmas Story) avand ca tema Craciunul. Clark demonstreaza ca stapanea deja multe dintre secretele meseriei si asimilase lectiile maestrilor generatiilor precedente si in special ale lui Hitchcock. Actiunea filmului se petrece intr-unul din acele camine studentesti americane in care studentii din anii mai mari se auto-administreaza in cadrul ‘fraternitatilor’ – de fapt este vorba despre un camin de fete si echivalentul fraternitatii este in engleza ‘sorority’ – cuvant care nu sunt sigur ca are un echivalent in limba romana. Tensiunea este indusa la inceput de telefoane misterioase si amenintatoare, pentru ca scurt timp dupa aceea locuitoarele caminului sa inceapa sa dispara una cate una, si cadavrele sa se acumuleze. Mai mult nu voi povesti pentru a nu rapi placerea vizionarii celor pe care ii voi convinge sa vada filmul (accesibil in intregime in acest moment si pe youTube).

 

(video source creejay)

 

‘Black Christmas’ merita sa fie vizionat in primul rand de pasionatii genului, dar nu numai de ei. Nu pot spune ca este un film pe care timpul nu si-a pus amprenta, dar interesant este ca si partile sale bune sunt acum mai vizibile. La lansare el a fost aproape ‘distrus’ de unii critici, de exemplu cel al lui New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9504E3D71538EF34BC4851DFB667838E669EDE. Desi unele dintre obiectiile criticului sunt intemeiate (jocul actorilor si mie mi s-a parut destul de schematic), eu cred ca a pierdut din vedere constructia exacta si gradata a atmosferei, folosirea spatiului inchis pentru a crea impresia de claustrofobie, si indrazneala abordarii unor teme cu tenta sociala cum ar fi cea a dreptului femeilor de a decide in privinta avortului (in general se poate spune ca este un film feminist). Desigur, cronicarul din 1974-75 nu avea cum sa anticipeze ca acest film va deschide calea altor filme ale genului horror care se petrec in mediu studentesc cum ar fi cele din seriile ‘Scream’ si ‘I Know What You Did Last Summer’. Sunt insa cel putin doua scene aproape de geniu pe care nu ar fi trebuit sa le omita. Intr-una dintre ele tatal unei fete si mama altei fete, ambele disparute, participa la cautarea fiicelor lor intr-o noapte intr-un parc inghetat. Este descoperit un cadavru. Cui ii apartine? Toata scena este redata in oroarea ei profunda doar filmand fetele celor doi, nu este nevoie sa vedem niciun cadavru pentru a intelege a cui moarte a fost confirmata. Macabru si excelent psihologic. A doua scena este cea finala si nu voi povesti nimic despre ea, pentru a nu va priva de placerea unei vizionari pe care v-o recomand.

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smartest film of the year? (Film: American Hustle – 2013)

I really needed this film two days after watching and being so disappointed with Gravity. I am pretty sure that American Hustle will make ways less money than ‘Gravity’ and will get less Academy Awards if any. It is however a much better film in my opinion, smart and sensitive, funny and entertaining, and in its way represents much better today’s (or yesterday’s) America.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1800241/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1800241/

 

The story happens in the late 70s – early 80s in Manhattan and part in New Jersey, these two settings which may provide the background for more than half of the movies about America today, and is based in part on the real story of an FBI investigation that discovered wide-spread corruption in the local and national politics. In order to infiltrate in the local environment the Bureau investigator (Bradely Cooper) devices a scheme in which he blackmails a couple composed of a con man (Christian Bale) and his partner and lover (Amy Adams) are sent to lure a local politician and then other by offering them bribes. Same as in director David O. Russell previous film Silver Linings Playbook, (also set between NJ and NYC) none of the characters is really normal, they all have their non-negligible dose foolishness, malice and stupidity.

 

(video source MOVIES Coming Soon)

 

There are two reasons for which American Hustle works well. The first is that the structure of the script is well designed, and the characters are very credible with all their goods and flaws. The second is that Russell’s style of directing his actors enhanced the feeling of authenticity. Russell picked a team of very talented actors whom he knew well from previous films and let them create and improvise each their own roles. The result is bright. Christian Bale is hard to recognize physically, he is a smart and pathetic, loving and cynical con man. The actor of so many feel-good movies Bradley Cooper is mean and dark. For the first time I have seen here Jennifer Lawrence in a role (Bale’s wife) that justifies the praises he received from many critics. Last and best – Amy Adams is unbelievably beautiful and vulnerable – she looks like a 2013 version of the best of what Jane Fonda could be. The cake has a glazing, and it’s called Robert De Niro (uncredited for some reasons) – he does the older and tired version of the role he played so many times, and I hope that his devastated looks were just make-up.

Smartest, maybe best American film that I have seen in a while.

 

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