The Sound of the Shofar

The traditional Rosh Hashanah posting on The Catcher in the Sand is dedicated this year to the shofar. Jews are (among other things) a nation of musicians and they have been so since the oldest times. King David is said to have introduced music in the religious rituals and some of the oldest musical instruments have their origin in the land of Israel or around. None of them however is that much related to the Jewish holidays and specifically to the New Year and Yom Kippur as the shofar.

 

sursa imaginii http://www.jewlicious.com/2011/08/shofar-its-that-time-of-the-year/

sursa imaginii http://www.jewlicious.com/2011/08/shofar-its-that-time-of-the-year/

 

The shofar is a traditionally made of the ram’s horn. The sound is modulated using the blower’s lips. I have no personal experience, but it looks like it takes both strength and skills to create meaningful sounds. It is mentioned many times in the Bible, the first time in the Book of Exodus, around Mount Sinai.

 

(video source G-dcast – Meaningful Jewish Screentime)

 

Let us first remember the significance of Rosh HaShana, the Jewish New Year and the role of the shofar. Today it announces the start of the High Holidays in the synagogue services.

 

(video source James Barbarossa)

 

There are four traditional Jewish shofar calls or blasts. Here they are explained by Jim Barbarossa, whose trip in Israel in 1996 triggered the passion for the instrument, which now he masters to the point he is surnamed The Shofar Man.

 

(video source partytown2)

 

Here is how actually the shofar sounds during the Rosh HaShannah service in a synagogue.

 

(video source Meira Warshauer)

 

The usage of the shofar is not limited however to the Jewish religious services. Musicians took the instrument, experimented, and created in different musical genres. Here is an excerpt (#2) from Tekeeyah (a call), Concerto for Shofar, Trombone, and Orchestra by Meira Warshauer. (Copyright Meira Warshauer 2009)

 

(video source rodneynewton1)

 

Lighter genres did not avoid the shofar either. Here is Phil Driscol playing the shofar in a trumpet style.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsglzl-gOmw

(video source George Payne)

 

Closing the cycle here is Randy Spencer playing the instrument in a spiritual, world music genre.

 

(video source Thewhatsupband)

 

To end with here is a Rosh Hashanah parody song ‘Blow Shofar’ by The Shlomones. There is little shofar sound here, but a lot of talk about it.

 

Shana Tova! A Good Year, with good health and sweetness in your lives!

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The Gatekeeper (Film: J.Edgar – Clint Eastwood, Leonardo DiCaprio, 2011)

The name of J. Edgar Hoover not only marks half of century of the history of defending the law and making justice in the United States, but still raises passions until today. The developments after the terror attacks on 9/11 have brought back to the front stage of the public debate the balance between rights of the the citizens to be protected and the rights to privacy and freedom of expression, and about the role of the federal government and its agencies in protecting freedom for the many while respecting the rights of the few. ‘J.Edgar’ the movie clearly belongs to the genre of the biographical documentary, and according to your beliefs you may get out of this film liking or hating it. There is one thing that is hard to deny in my opinion – this film has passion too, same as the character it describes. One may admire J.Edgar for his dedication to the ideals of making out of America a country of law and order according to his own vision or for building out of nothing one of the best government agencies in the US and the world, or one may hate him because of his obsessional search for a no. 1 enemy, or for the methods he put in the service of the cause.  One cannot deny reading the biography or watching this film that he was a man of passion.

 

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1616195/

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1616195/

 

There are things that I loved and things that I hated in the way this film was written (by ) and directed by . The parallel running of the auto-biography of the character as dictated 40 years later to a young colleague is smartly run in parallel with the ‘present’ of his late age career at the time of the Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations. One character is already old, the other ages and the story advances. I should actually say one triplet of character, as the extraordinary  (whom I do not like, but I cannot prevent myself to admire) is very well supported by  as the never consumed lover who turns into the eternal secretary of Hoover and  as the eternal friends who also figures up – as rumored by history – as potential lover. All are supported by a  as Hoover’s pious mother, as splendid as you expect. What I liked less is the ex-screen off-screen story telling, hard to digest even under the pretext of Hoover dictating his memoirs at the sunset of his life, or the schematic sound of some of the dialogs – even bad guys seldom speak on cliches as some of the characters here do. Overall the excellent acting and the well kept pace overwhelm the dark sides of the production.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DR6fCQ71xcY

(video source Clevver Movies)

 

At the end of the day we get another story big as a cinemascope screen of an American hero. Or anti-hero. Depending of course on your beliefs and on the way you relate to the character and the different threads of the story.   Hoover appears as a historic character who had to be obsessed with a Public Enemy no. 1 be they real or imaginary. In parallel he lived his personal drama of (historically alleged) homosexuality, the dark secret of the blackmailer who could so easily be blackmailed. One cannot deny that he built a fabulous crime fighting institution which definitely remains his principal legacy. However, Hoover was also for almost half a century a Gatekeeper, even one who loved to present himself as a popular hero, in comics or movies. Here is a very different kind of movie about him. One which leads the viewer at the end to ask the question of what was The Gatekeeper defending his country against.

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reborn indeed (Film: Johnny English Reborn – Rowan Atkinson, 2011)

The combination of high-tech thrillers a la James Bond and the so English humor of Rowan Atkinson worked fine for me in the original ‘Johnny English’ and work even better in the ‘Johnny English Reborn’ sequel released eight years later, which I got to see only now. If I am to look for the perfect comedy entertainment I would go for something like this because it succeeds to be funny and anti political-correct, while keeping some logic and sending references to the original movies it is inspired from, without taking itself too much seriously at any moment.

 

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1634122/

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1634122/

 

If I am to decide what are the reasons JE works for me better than other similar comedy-parody movies I would of course first of all mention Rowan Atkinson. He is himself, meaning Mr. Bean whatever the role he plays – a combination of Britishness and irreverence, a walking gaffer and catastrophes generator, and yet – a warm human being. The greatest comical character one can identify with since Stan Laurel.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_883cRmOZXs

(video source Clevver Movies)

 

The second reason are the scripts of the Johnny English films. They actually have logic. Of course, it’s Brit logic, it’s movies logic, but if you really put the script of the two Johnny English movies near the stories of most of the James Bond films, not only you will find them similar, but English may won many of the credibility contests.

This second and I hope not last installment of Johnny English has also the great advantage to bring back to screen one of my mostly beloved actresses, Gillian Anderson of X-Files fame. Did I say that was my preferred TV-series of all times. I did and now you know it all too. I hope that director Oliver Parker (or somebody else) will go on with the JE series, and that Gillian will become Atkinson/English’s Q for a long time.

 

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The Girl Who Stood Up to Hitchcock (FIlm: The Girl, 2012)

2012 was a good year for us, fans of Alfred Hitchcock. Two movies were released centered around the character of the genial and obsessive master of suspense. I liked ‘Hitchcock’ starring Anthony Hopkins and Helen Mirren which I saw, a while ago, close to its release date. I had somehow lesser expectations from ‘The Girl’ which bears the anti-promotional label of ‘TV Film’ – luckily I can say that despite the very different approach and the controversial approach in describing the character and personal life of the great director, it also is a very good film, and there are many more good reasons to put it near the most respected and starred companion, besides the year of the release.

 

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2132485/

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2132485/

 

‘Based on a true story’ can also be sometimes a deterrent but it is not here either. The reason is that the ‘true story’ is about the relationship between director Hitchcock and Tippie Hedren, the feminine star of two of his movies – the famous ‘The Birds’ and the lesser known ‘Marnie’ that followed. Screen text at the start of the movie makes a case for the authenticity of what follows and to some extent prepares us for a version of the Hitchcock character which was rumored during his life, documented in memoirs and testimonies after his death, but never caught as such on screen until now. A Hitchcock who was not only obsessive in his film making, but also in the relations with the actresses he worked with, a film director of unequaled talent but also an aging man who tried to overcome the inevitable by trying to use the fascination he won with his art and personality in order to bring to bed the much younger stars he worked with, and when one of them like Tippie Hedren rejected him. he was sliding into what we bluntly call today harassment.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0rHBn0BgT4

(video source Tom Engelman)

 

The approach taken by the script and by director Julian Jarold was rejected by many of the admirers of Hitchcock. I do not have an opinion one way or another, but I will observe that some of the great admired artists of our time had their own problems that reflected in their personalities and relations with the teams or women in their lives – to mention Woody Allen, Polansky or Depardieu as a few other illustrious examples. The personal lives after all make good material for biographical movies (like the one we are discussing here) but hardly can shade their cinematographic work. I actually believe that Jarold tried to stick to facts, without necessarily making a moral judgment. According to his own criteria the viewer can consider the ‘Hitch’ in this film as being a harassing maniac, or an aging man falling to an autumnal crisis in his life. What cannot be denied is that one way or another ‘The Birds’ remains like a peak movie in the creation of Hitchcock and history of cinema.

Some fine actors work make this movie even more interesting. Toby Jones creates a very credible Hitchcock with the silhouette and voice of the character we know and love, and enough ambiguity to serve the purposes and ideas of the director. Imelda Staunton almost made me forget Helen Mirren with her rendition of Imelda Hitchcock. Last and best, Sienna Miller has all the beauty and inner strength that makes us believe that there was such a girl who stood up to the advances of the great Alfred Hitchcock.

 

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no mojo (Film: The Dictator – Sacha Baron Cohen, 2012)

Almost everything I loved in ‘Borat’ is missing in ‘The Dictator’ – the most recent installment from Sacha Baron Cohen. To add to the insult, the title of one of the best films ever made is being hijacked for something that may be as ambitious, but this ‘Dictator’ has nothing of the human fabric, symbolism and melodramatic power of Chaplin’s classical. There is also an almost direct quote with the speech of the ‘dictator’ at the moment of climax of the movie, but the difference between the magic of the moment Chaplin approaches the microphone and the so-expected turn of mood in Cohen’s speech is abyssal.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1645170/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1645170/

 

As in his previous movies Sacha Baron Cohen plays with stereotypes. After cautiously projecting some North Korean and Sadam Hussein frames at the start it focuses on the image of Arab dictator of an imaginary country in the North of Africa. Later the script takes its hero to Manhattan, somehow similar situations with the ones in ‘Borat’ but almost everything is prefabricated. Some arrows are being thrown towards the leftist and ecological movements, and there is even some romance in the plot. Which does not make it less simplistic (bad) and anarchistic (good when coming from Cohen).

 

(video source RepublicOfWadiya’s channel)

 

Gone are the feeling of improvisation, the audacity of the social criticism, the ‘cine-verite’ style. In are some of the Leslie Nielsen parodies gags. Yes, we get some laughs from time to time, but they are more caused by the classical physical comedy jokes, this is not really what I expected from Sacha Baron Cohen. Ben Kinsley is having some fun in an other of those anti-casting roles he is picking lately.

This film placed a challenge to its authors, as it’s not easy to deal with the Arab or Muslim cultures in comedies. The result is too polite, but this will probably not buy the film too many export licenses in Arab countries. However, if I am to compare ‘The Dictator’ with previous films from Cohen and director Larry Charles, I would say that what is missing is actually the ‘chutzpah’.

 

 

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holiday melodrama (Film: Labor Day – Kate Winslet, 2013)

Screening ‘Labor Day’  (which was not brought to commercial theaters in Israel) released on Labor Day 2013 on the eve of Labor Day 2014 was a smart move for the distributors, that brought me to the cinematheque in my hometown. I am not sure that this was the smartest move for me in this American holiday weekend. Based upon a novel by Joyce Maynard, the film directed by Jason Reitman succeeds eventually to squeeze a tear, but demonstrates also that succeeding to squeeze a tear does not necessarily make a good film.

 

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1967545/

source http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1967545/

 

Kate Winslet is a divorced mother who raises alone her pre-teenage  kid and whose feelings of loss and distress turned into deep anxiety. Josh Brolin plays an escaped convict who finds refuge in their house during the long Labor Day holiday weekend. What starts as a conflictual situation turns gradually in a love story as the man has his own sad history and the two find in each other what they always needed. It’s of course a story which cannot end well, not on short term at least, and the principal problem is that the premises of the melodrama are unnecessarily exaggerated for both heroes’ stories, and everything is awfully predictable after the very first few minutes.

 

(video source MOVIECLIPS Trailers)

 

Director Jason Reitman imposed a very minor style in cinematography and telling its story. All characters are uneasy, and this includes the teenage boy whose off-screen voice is used much too extensively on my taste in order to fill in some of the details of the narration, or to guide the feelings of the viewers. I think that I understand many of Reitman’s decisions but I cannot say that I liked the result. Kate Winslet is excellent in playing ladies in deep distress, and she does a fine job here as well, but watching her does not compensate the overdose of melodrama. There is nothing too wrong about this film, but I cannot recommend it as Labor Day or any other holiday entertainment either.

 

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Unconvincing (Film: The Debt – Helen Mirren, 2010)

‘The Truth’ or ‘The Truth That Needs To Be Said’? this is one of the dilemmas facing the heroes of ‘The Debt’, which is quite an exotic entry in the list of films made by John Madden, the exoticism being that it’s well closer to the pattern of routine Hollywood thrillers than movies like Shakespeare in Love or The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1226753/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt1226753/

 

There are however a few reasons that make this film interesting, even if you are not necessarily a fan of Mossad action movies processed by the American commercial cinema filters. This is the story of an unfinished business which involves a team of Israeli idealistic young agents of Mossad trying to capture in the 60s one of the notorious war criminals modeled on the  image of ‘doctor’ Mengele. Their mission takes them in no other place than East Berlin in the days of the Cold War, and when things go wrong they have to make extreme choices – not only about life and death, but also about absolute and convenient truth. The story alternates between the 60s and the 90s, which opens another kind of question mark about whether big mistakes can ever be fixed. Of course they can, it’s Hollywood stuff after all. This does not necessarily result in a great movie.

 

(video source MOVIECLIPS)

 

While the premises are interesting the execution is far from brilliant. Director Madden brings nothing new in a genre that had so many successes and even more failures, beyond quite a rigorous and detailed rendition of the East Berlin atmosphere. The biggest failure is however in the way he directs the characters of his Israeli heroes. They behave and talk like no Israeli, and even the setting of the scenes supposed to take place in Israel in Israeli location does not help. The approach is superficial and does not go too deep beyond the crust of the characters, and this crust does not seem genuine at all. I love Helen Mirren, she is best as queens or chief-detective roles, and I found even her acting as a retired agent in the RED series to be delicious. Here she undertakes another retired agent role, and I am sorry to say, she is not at her best. As a general note, the actors that play the three heroes in the 60s and in the 90s did not connect well with each other, I could not recognize the characters at all over the years. At the end of the screening I remained with the feeling that the makers of this film still have some ‘Debt’ to their viewers.

 

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Film: Chef (Jon Favreau – 2014)

One just needs to search how many movies include the word ‘chef’ in their name in order to understand how daring an enterprise director-writer-actor Jon Favreau took upon himself in making yet another comedy about master cooks. No need to mention, not all films about ‘chefs’ include ‘chef’ in their title. And yet, here it is, Chef is the comedy of this summer, at least in what I am concerned.

 

source www.imdb.com/title/tt2883512/

source www.imdb.com/title/tt2883512/

 

I know too little about Cuban food, and even less about Cuban junk-food. Good chances are however that I will taste some at the first opportunity to despite the protests of my dietician. The rather trivial story is about a cook who cannot really exercise his art, and has the guts and will to quit at the right time, and the luck plus support from a wonderful kid and delicious ex and future wife to make it in the change of path. The understory is maybe about the director Jon Favreau himself and his fight to make a film which is as much a crowd pleaser as Cuban sandwiches are, but can also contain and radiate quality despite what critics say.

 

(video source JoBlo Movie Trailers)

 

There are certainly many good reasons to like this film. Some are related to acting, starting with Favreau himself who is so good that I completely forgot that he is also a director, until the presence of stars like Dustin Hoffman, Robert Downey Jr.,  or Scarlett Johanssohn who visibly enjoy being on that screen. There may be also one more reason and this is the ‘I’ll do it my way’ message of the film which may have been the motto of the director-writer-actor himself when daring to turn what should be a very over-used theme into a nicely paced and fresh comedy – one of the best I have seen lately. The character has passion, the director has passion, and as a viewer I fully bought it.

 

 

 

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Carte: Vasili Grossman – Panta rhei

‘Stalin murise neplanificat, fara directive emanand de la organele de conducere. Stalin murise fara indicatia personala a insusi tovarasului Stalin. Aceasta libertate a mortii, acest capriciu al ei dinamitau, veneau in contradictie cu insasi esenta sacra a statului. Si deruta cuprinsese inimile si mintile oamenilor.’ (pag. 128)

‘Pantha rei’ a lui Vasili Grossman (aparuta in 2014 in colectia Top 10+’ a editurii Polirom, in traducerea Janinei Ianosi si insotita de competentele si foarte utilele note ale lui Ion Ianosi) incepe sub semnul mortii lui Stalin, care ar fi trebuit sa insemne un sfarsit de epoca si inceputul unei noi ere, dezbarate de tirania a ceea ce peste putini ani avea sa fie numit ‘cultul personalitatii’. In primul capitol facem cunostiinta cu personajul principal al cartii, Ivan Grigorievici, unul dintre milioanele de supravietuitori ai Gulagului care se intorc intre cei care supravietuisera in afara gardurilor de sarma ghimpata si departe de pustiurile inghetate ale Siberiei. Pe masura ce inaintam in lectura cartii incepem sa intelegem ca deosebirea intre cei dinafara si cei dinauntrul sistemului concentrationar consta in viziunea lui Grossman doar in modul de supravietuire, si ca trairea in compromis si minciuna necesara adaptarii la sistem a celor ‘de afara’ nu este echivalenta cu libertatea. In istoria de nelibertate a Uniunii Sovietice moartea lui Stalin a marcat doar o trecere intre etapa a doua si a treia a evolutiei dictaturii. Eliberarea adevarata a venit doar cu decenii mai tarziu, odata cu implozia sistemului sovietic, si cei care traim contemporaneitatea stim ca semnul intrebarii planeaza si in legatura cu adevarul si viitorul acestei eliberari.

Vasili Grossman s-a nascut in anul primei revolutii ruse a secolului trecut si a murit in anul in care se incheie perioada de relativ dezghet a lui Nikita Hrusciov la conducerea URSS. Erou al Uniunii Sovietice, reporter de razboi, autorul unora dintre primele relatari despre lagarele de exterminare naziste din rasaritul Europei si al unui solid roman despre batalia de la Stalingrad, Grossman a cazut dupa razboi victima turnurii antisemite a politicii lui Stalin si a continuitatii dogmatismului ideologic chiar si in perioada lui Hrusciov care au facut ca monumentalul sau roman ‘Viata si destin’ sa nu poate fi publicat niciodata in cursul vietii sale.  La fel ca si opera lui Soljenitin, cu care se afla la acelasi nivel de profunzime si dramatism si ca talent scriitoricesc, si ca acuitate a criticii anticomuniste, cartea lui Grossman a vazut lumina tiparului intai in Occident. Asta se intampla insa abia in 1980, si aveau sa treaca inca opt ani pana la publicarea cartii in Uniunea Sovietica a Glasnostului. ‘Panta rhei’ (‘Totul curge’) avea sa vada lumina tiparului un an mai tarziu, dar chiar si in 1989 critica acerba a sistemului sovietic si privirea dura si demascatoare, lipsita de orice idealism si incercare de scuza fata de istoria Rusiei au starnit uriase controverse si critici virulente.

Cartea aceasta a fost pentru mine o revelatie. Nu am citit (inca) ‘Viata si destin’ dar daca este sa compar ‘Panta rhei’ cu ceea ce am citit din Soljenitin, as putea spune ca in doar ceva mai mult decat 200 de pagini Grossman reuseste sa concentreze istoria Rusiei si a perioadei sovietice de pana la mijlocul anilor 50 in aceeasi masura in care o face laureatul Premiului Nobel in cateva carti. Gasim in aceasta carte caractere excelent conturate, povesti ale unor destine umane in majoritate frante de sistem, relatari istorice care pun in evidenta talentul reporterului de geniu care a fost Grossman, si o analiza istorica acuta, exacta si originala.

Prima parte a cartii descrie intoarcerea in lumea aparent normala a detinutului Ivan Grigorievici. Reintegrarea se dovedeste a fi in scurta vreme imposibila. Intemnitat fara vina in urma denuntului unui coleg, eroul cartii se gaseste in imposibilitate de a-si gasi locul in lumea celor care au trebuit sa se preteze la compromisuri mai mici sau mai mari, la taceri lase in cel mai bun caz, la denunturi in multe alte situatii pentru a supravietui, si mai ales la traiul in permanenta frica – frica de zgomotul masinii care opreste in fata casei in miez de noapte, de sunetul bocancilor pe scari, de bataia fatidica tocmai in usa apartamentului lor. Ivan Grigorievici nu-i poate judeca pe cei care l-au tradat si au incercat sa-l uite, se intalneste cu rudele, cu fostii prieteni, pe iubita care l-a parasit o evita, pe denuntatorul care l-a trimis in Gulag il intalneste pe strada si se abtine de a-l judeca. Sistemul sovietic impartise lumea intre denuntatori si denuntati, si a fi denuntator nici macar nu asigura pe cineva ca intr-o zi nu va ajunge in randul denuntatilor:

‘La unul din capetele lantului doi oameni discutau la masa sorbindu-si ceaiul, apoi la lumina intima a unei lampi cu abajur se scria o marturisire inteligenta sau, la vreo sedinta de colhoz, tinea o cuvantare simpla cate un activist; la celalalt capat al lantului erau ochi inebuniti de spaima, lovituri in rinichi, teasta sparta de glont, cadavre scorbutice in morgile de barne si pamant ale lagarelor, degete de la picioare purulente, degerate in taiga.’ (pag. 62)

 

sursa www.evobook.ro

sursa www.evobook.ro

 

A doua parte a cartii cuprinde relatari ale unor episoade si destine dintre cele mai tragice din istoria anilor 30 ai Uniunii Sovietice. Sunt amintirile lui Ivan Grigorievici si ale Annei Serghievna, femeia alaturi de care, pentru o scurta vreme, Ivan pare a-si gasi limanul linistii si aparenta unei umbre de speranta. Anna este si ea o supravietuitoare, a unui alt episod al istoriei crude a Rusiei bolsevice, cel al foametei care a decimat Ucraina in perioada imediat urmatoare colectivizarii. Este pentru prima data cand aflu si amanunte istorice despre acest episod declansat in mod intentionat si crimimal de Stalin pentru a pedepsi taranimea ucraineana care se opunea colectivizarii fortate, episod descris in pagini de carte cu tonuri apocaliptice, greu de citit, iar dupa lectura – imposibil de uitat:

Era groaznic. Mamele isi priveau copiii si de groaza incepeau sa boceasca. Tipau ca muscate de sarpe. Iar sarpele asta era moartea, foametea. Ce sa faca? Iar satenii un singur lucru aveau in cap – sa manance, isi sugeau gura, strangeau din falci, adunau saliva si o inghiteau, dar din saliva nu te saturi. Te trezeai noaptea, de jur imprejur liniste; nici o vorba, nici o amornica. Un mormant; numai foamea haladuia fara somn. Copiii incepeau dimineata sa planga, cereau paine. Si ce puteau mamele sa le dea? Si nici un ajutor de nicaieri. Si de la partid un singur raspuns: trebuia sa munciti, nu sa trandaviti. Si mai spuneau: cautati pe la voi prin sat, ca sigur mai aveti voi grau ingropat, inca pentru trei ani.’  (pag. 131)

‘Cat timp au mai avut ceva puteri, oamenii se mai duceau peste camp pana la calea ferata; nu la gara, la gara nu-i lasa paza, ci direct la calea ferata. Cand trecea acceleratul Kiev-Odessa se asezau in genunchi si strigau: paine, paine!’  (pag. 137)

‘Gemea satul vazandu-si moartea cu ochii. Gemea tot satul, nu cu mintea, nu cu sufletul, ci asa cum fosnesc frunzele in bataia vantului, sau paiele.’   (pag. 138)

‘In sat izbucnise molima. Mai intai i-a lovit pe copii si pe batrani, pe urma pe cei de varsta mijlocie. La inceput ii ingropau, pe urma nu i-au mai ingropat. Asa ca zaceau mortii pe ulite, prin ograzi, iar ultimii au ramas sa zaca prin izbe. Se facuse liniste. Murise tot satul. ‘ (pag. 139)

Mai sunt cateva capitole memorabile in aceasta parte a cartii, portrete si povestiri tragice ale unor oameni striviti de rotile gigantice si nemiloase ale unei istorii absurde. Capitolul 13 de exemplu poate fi citit ca o povestire de sine statatoare despre destinul unei femei – si poate a mii sau milioane de alte femei – a carei singura vina este ca era sotia unui condamnat politic, pedeapsa fiind despartirea de copil, condamnarea, exilul, moartea care se iveste atunci cand moare si ultima bruma de speranta. Detinutii politici cu vina sau fara vina, tovarasii de drum si bolsevicii convinsi cazuti in dizgratia tiranului, victimele denunturilor false si membrii familiilor lor, culacii (de ce nu este folosit termenul romanesc ‘chiabur’? – ar fi singura intrebare pe care o am pentru traducatoarea impecabila care este Janina Ianosi) si oricine cartea impotriva colectivizatii, minoritatile care Stalin hotarise ca trebuie sa fie dezradacinata – toti se regasesc in universul concentrationar pe care celalalt mare scriitor rus al temei si al epocii il numeste ‘Arhipelagul Gulag’.

 

sursa fotografiei quarterlyconversation.com

sursa fotografiei quarterlyconversation.com

 

Capitolele finale folosesc acumularea de destine personale pentru o meditatie profunda si critica despre istoria Rusiei si cauzele caderii sale intr-un totalitarism care a produs atata suferinta omeneasca. Grossman nu este un anti-marxist, dimpotriva. Unul dintre pilonii raului in viziunea sa consta in inversarea prioritatilor doctrinei sociale intre Marx si Lenin:

‘… nici unul dintre constructorii lumii noi nu se gandea ca, faurind uzine uriase, inutile oamenilor si adesea si statului, ei incalca de fapt teza lui Marx. La temelia statului intemeiat de Lenin si construit de Stalin, se afla politicul si nu economicul.’ (pag. 156)

‘Aceste constructii uriase nu-i serveau cu nimic omului, tot asa cum nu-i trebuiau lui Dumnezeu uriasele catedrale si geamii.’  (pag. 199)

Portretul lui Lenin este desenat in tonuri sumbre, uneori chiar mai sumbre decat cele in care este descris Stalin. Cu toate aceastea nu este un portret simplist, lipsit de complexitate si contradictii. Lenin este vazut ca fiind cel care a tradat avantul revolutiilor rusesti, care incercau la sfarsitul secolului 19 si inceputul secolului 20 sa intr0duca in istoria Rusiei elementul care a lipsit intotdeauna – democratia. Era manat de o sete nemasurata de putere, dar nu pentru scopuri personale.

‘… acest politician orgolios, capabil de orice in nazuita lui spre putere, era un om neobisnuit de modest, iar puterea o cucerea nu pentru sine … Omul de pe arena mondiala era cu desavarsire opus omului din viata personala… Asprimea neiertatoare si dispretul fata de sfanta sfintelor revolutiei ruse – libertatea – si, alaturi, in pieptul aceluiasi om, entuziasmul pur, tineresc, pentru o muzica minunata, pentru o carte buna.’ (pag. 174-175)

Daca aceste remarci explica de ce cartea era nepublicabila in Uniunea Sovietica, in capitolul urmator gasim si cauzele controverselor pe care textul lui Grossman le-a starnit si dupa Glasnost, si poate le starneste si astazi. Iata ce scrie el despre sufletul rus:

‘… prorocii Rusiei au recunoscut si puritatea, profunzimea, transparenta, forta spirituala intru Hristos a sufletului rusesc, necunoscute lumii occidentale… dar n-au vazut ca trasaturile specifice sufletului rusesc s-au nascut in nelibertate, ca sufletul rusesc este un rob milenar.’  (pag. 178)

‘Unde mai e speranta Rusiei daca cel mai mare reformator al ei, Lenin, n-a distrus, ci dimpotriva a consolidat legatura dintre dezvoltarea ruseasca si nelibertate, iobagie.’ (pag. 189)

In viziunea lui Grossman istoria veche si moderna a Rusiei este impletirea complexitatii sufletului rusesc, cu calitatile si defectele sale, si a nelibertatii.

‘Partidului bolsevic i-a revenit rolul de partid al unui stat national. Contopirea partidului si a statului si-a gasit expresia in personalitatea lui Stalin.’  (pag. 194)

Dar …

‘Acolo unde nu exista libertate umana, nu poate exista nici libertate nationala, caci libertatea nationala este, inainte de orice, libertatea omului.’ (pag. 196)

Cartea are doua finaluri – unul pe plan filozofic, celalalt pe plan personal. Nu-l voi dezvalui pe cel de-al doilea, pentru a lasa cititorilor acestei carti pe care o recomand cu mare caldura, ba chiar cu insistenta, trairea inchiderii ciclului de evolutie al personajului principal creat de Grossman. Voi cita insa cateva cuvinte profetice din ‘finalul filozofic’ scrise in anii 60!

‘Cauza lui Stalin n-a murit odata cu moartea lui Stalin. Asa cum la timpul ei n-a murit cauza lui Lenin. Statul fara libertate construit de Stalin traieste.’   (pag. 202)
 
 
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Film: Casse-tete chinois (Romain Duris, Audrey Tautou – 2013)

Writing the review of a movie two weeks later is an exercise that I should try more often. ‘Casee-tete Chinois’ is one of the two movies I have seen before I went to a vacation where other priorities pushed aside writing about movies. The last installment in the series of director Cedric Klapisch , starring ,   and Cecile De France was the least memorable of the two lighter summer comedies that I found appropriate for the mood and the times.

 

sursa www.imdb.com/title/tt1937118/

sursa www.imdb.com/title/tt1937118/

 

The film does have a lot of ingredients that would possibly make a success possible and even probable. A team of actors that now should not only know each other so well that the director needs only to raise an eyebrow in order to make things happen but who obviously enjoy acting together, and bringing on screen the romantic issues of their generation. A couple of kids who like almost any couple of kids steal the show as long as they are on screen and provide an emotional justification for the plot. Paris for a bit and Manhattan for most of the time – allegedly the best background for movies that directors and viewers could ask for.

And yet, the result is only half satisfying.

 

(video source STUDIOCANAL France)

 

It may be that the plot of the French immigrant trying to settle in New York was brought to screen once too many? I can remember a few other such features (yes, some of the candidates to America may not have been French) starting with ‘Green Card’ starring , and back in 1990. If the theme is back on screen maybe what is missing is some new and fresh angle in the infinite possibilities of approaching cultural gaps. Variations is a legitimate musical or cinematographic genre, but it needs to bring something new to be special. This film starts with a divorce, ends with a wedding, I am so happy to see Audrey Tautou happy and denying with a new film her intentions to quit acting, but the result is unconvincing entertainment. Maybe too many ingredients for a feel-good movie brought together do not necessarily make a good feel-good movie.

 

 

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